Cell ultrastructure in disease.

The doctor of today must adopt the 'cellular way of thinking' in the evaluation of diseases. This ultrastructural outlook provides him with much indispensable information that also serves a practical purpose. A diseased cell organelle is at the basis of every clinical sign and any attempt of therapy must be aimed at that specific point of lesion. We intend, in the light of a long experience, to propose to clinicians a new way of thinking in which a precise correlation between symptoms and submicroscopic changes of the cell is considered. Many different examples amply justify this proposal. Electron microscopy can contribute by enabling identification of structural subcellular modifications suitable for the finest differential diagnosis, more and more complete understanding of pathogenic pathways of various diseases, the establishment of guidelines for precise pharmacological interventions at the molecular level.