Patterns of alcohol and drug use among women: focus on special populations.

Despite the growing national concern about the effect of the use of alcohol and other drugs on the health and productivity of men and women, relatively little is know about alcohol and other drug (AOD) problems in women. Because of this lack of research and the stigma associated with women who are alcoholic or drug addicted, AOD problems among women are less likely to be recognized and addressed. This article reviews patterns and consequences of AOD use among a number of special populations of women. Information about risk factors and assessment and screening are included to assist the nurse in the identification, counseling, and referral of women with AOD-related problems.