鳗鱼嗅觉器官的比较形态学和细胞学及其觅食行为的评述。

4区 医学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Anatomical Record Pub Date : 1995-12-01 DOI:10.1002/ar.1092430402
L Fishelson
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引用次数: 18

摘要

背景:本研究比较了海鳗科(Muraenidae)的嗅器官形态和细胞学特征,特别是黄鳝(Siderea grisea)和针鼹属(Echidna)、裸胸鱼属(Gymnothorax)和石齿鱼属(Lycodontis)等浅水海洋顶级捕食鱼类的嗅器官形态和细胞学特征。一些物种通过视觉寻找食物,而另一些物种通过嗅觉寻找食物。方法:在红海采集海产鱼;解剖鼻嗅器官,将其固定在Bouin’s液中进行光学显微镜观察,3.5%戊二醛进行电子显微镜观察。结果:在每个被研究的物种中,嗅觉莲座是位于前管状入口和裂隙状后出口开口之间的封闭嗅室中的细长结构。构成这些莲座的双排片在雪梨科和针鼹科是圆形的,在其他种是伸长的。它们的基部附着在一条中间缝上,数量从最年轻的Siderea的20个到总长度为1500毫米的Gymnothorax的168个不等。与其他硬骨鱼一样,片层被由三种感觉细胞组成的纤毛上皮覆盖:其中两种感觉细胞,纤毛感觉神经元和纤毛支持细胞,在纤毛和细胞内根系统的细节、长度和厚度上有所不同;第三种感觉细胞有微绒毛和纤毛。近端,纤毛细胞的轴突延伸成束穿过基底层,并结合形成嗅丝,两种嗅神经由此向嗅球延伸。这些纤毛细胞基部的侧边延伸,即所谓的棘,穿过邻近细胞的膜,形成树突,可能将纤毛上皮的一部分变成嗅觉场。根据薄片上感觉细胞的密度和数量,以及观察到的它们在自然和人工饲养条件下觅食行为的差异,可以将海鳗分为两类:第一组,其片层上覆盖着丰富的立体纤毛,包括sideria属和针鼹属,它们通过嗅觉寻找食物;第二组,具有立体纤毛的细胞要少得多,包括研究物种裸子胸和石齿螈,它们通过视觉来定位食物。
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Comparative morphology and cytology of the olfactory organs in Moray eels with remarks on their foraging behavior.

Background: This study compares the morphology and cytology of olfactory organs in moray eels (Muraenidae), particularly Siderea grisea and some species of the genera Echidna, Gymnothorax, and Lycodontis, fishes that are top predators in shallow-water marine habitats. Some of the species search visually for food while others search by olfaction.

Methods: The morays were collected in the Red Sea; the nasal olfactory organs were dissected and fixed in Bouin's solution for light-microscopy, and 3.5% glutaraldehyde for electron-microscopy studies.

Results: In each studied species the olfactory rosettes are elongated structures situated in closed olfactory chambers between anterior tubular inlet nares and slit-form posterior outlet openings. The double row of lamellae constituting these rosettes are round in Siderea and Echidna and elongated in the other species. They are attached at their base to a median raphe and range in number from 20 in the youngest observed Siderea to 168 in Gymnothorax of 1,500 mm total length. As in other teleosts, the lamellae are covered by a ciliated epithelium composed of three types of sensory cells: two of these, ciliated sensory neurons and ciliated supporting cells, differ in detail, length, and thickness of their cilia and intracellular rootlet system; the third type of sensory cells bears microvillae as well as cilia. Proximal, axonal extensions of the ciliated cells cross the basal lamina in bundles and combine to form fila olfactoria from which the two olfactory nerves extend towards the olfactory bulbs. Lateral extensions at the basal parts of these ciliated cells, the so-called spines, cross the membranes of neighboring cells as dendrites, possibly changing part of all of the ciliated epithelium into an olfactory field. The density and number of sensory cells on the lamellae, as well as observed differences in their foraging behavior in nature and captivity, enable the morays to be divided into two groups: one group, in which the lamellae are richly covered with stereocilia, includes species of the genera Siderea and Echidna, that search for food by olfaction, and the second group, which has a great deal less cells with stereocilia and includes the studies species of Gymnothorax and Lycodontis, locates its food visually.

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来源期刊
Anatomical Record
Anatomical Record Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
CiteScore
4.30
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期刊介绍: The Anatomical Record
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