Significance of bacterial surface-active compounds in interaction of bacteria with interfaces.

INTRODUCTION AND TERMINOLOGY .............................................................................................................151 TYPES OF BACTERIAL SACs.................................................................................................................................153 SYNTHETIC SACs AND BACTERIA......................................................................................................................154 In Solution ...............................................................................................................................................................154 Sodium dodecyl sulfate ......................................................................................................................................154 Quaternary ammonium compounds.................................................................................................................154 Various surfactants.............................................................................................................................................155 Immobilized on Surfaces .......................................................................................................................................155 Insolubilized quaternary ammonium compounds ..........................................................................................155 Insolubilized block copolymer surfactants ......................................................................................................155 Miscellaneous Effects .............................................................................................................................................156 BACTERIAL SACs AND BACTERIA ......................................................................................................................156 Physiological Roles .................................................................................................................................................156 Other Observations ................................................................................................................................................157 Applied Aspects of Bacterial SACs.......................................................................................................................157 SURFACE-ACTIVE APPROACH TO BACTERIAL ADHESION/DEADHESION............................................157 SIGNIFICANCE OF BACTERIAL SACs IN ADHESION TO INTERFACES ..................................................158 SACs Bound at the Bacterial Cell Surface .........................................................................................................158 Cell-bound biosurfactants..................................................................................................................................158 Cell-bound polymeric SACs...............................................................................................................................159 SACs Bound at the Substratum ...........................................................................................................................159 Excreted biosurfactants......................................................................................................................................159 Excreted polymeric SACs...................................................................................................................................160 SIGNIFICANCE OF BACTERIAL SACs IN DEADHESION FROM INTERFACES ......................................160 Biosurfactants..........................................................................................................................................................160 Polymeric SACs.......................................................................................................................................................161 GLIDING—A CONTINUOUS DEADHESION WITHIN TWO DIMENSIONS ...............................................161 BACTERIAL CELL SURFACE HYDROPHOBICITY—REGULATION VIA BACTERIAL SACs?...............161 CONCLUSIONS .........................................................................................................................................................162 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...........................................................................................................................................162 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................................162