全膝关节置换术中材料和表面的磨损试验。

P S Walker, G W Blunn, P A Lilley
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引用次数: 122

摘要

研究了一种简单的磨损试验,用于评估全膝关节置换术中材料对的磨损和损伤。该试验包括一个轴向载荷的金属股骨压头和一个往复式超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)平盘,代表胫骨部件。研究了许多变量,包括通过改变股骨表面半径、蒸馏水或血清作为润滑剂、不同的股骨材料和不同类型的超高分子量聚乙烯来达到一致性的影响。总的来说,UHMWPE表面磨损的不同形态与全膝关节置换术中所见的相似。与一致性较低的球形压头相比,圆柱形压头的一致性增加,最初的磨损率降低。然而,随后的磨损率与最初的磨损阶段相似。在血清和蒸馏水润滑的钴铬压头上均观察到超高分子量聚乙烯的转移膜,但在蒸馏水润滑的情况下,这种转移膜更为广泛。当氧化锆用于股侧时,观察到最低的磨损率,这归因于更大的润湿性,表面硬度和抗氧化磨损。用钴铬股柱和不同等级的超高分子量聚乙烯进行的试验显示出不同的磨损率。在这些pe中,GUR 415比RCH 1000和含有大量熔合缺陷的UHMWPE表现出更小的磨损。对于后者,磨损归因于疲劳机制,尽管在大多数情况下,它与表面现象有关,而不是表面下的开裂。然而,在一些超高分子量聚乙烯试样中,裂纹扩展与缺陷同时发生。讨论了该测试方法对轴承材料和表面的评估和比较的适用性,特别是对全膝关节置换术的应用。
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Wear testing of materials and surfaces for total knee replacement.

A simple wear test was investigated for evaluating the wear and damage of material pairs when used in total knee replacement. The test consisted of an axially loaded metallic femoral indentor and a reciprocating ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) flat disk that represented the tibial component. A number of variables were studied including the effect of conformity by varying the radii of the femoral surface, distilled water or serum as a lubricant, different femoral materials, and different types of UHMWPE. In general, the different morphologies of the surface wear of the UHMWPE were similar to those seen on retrieved total knee replacements. Increased conformity with a cylindrical indentor gave a reduced wear rate initially, compared with that of the lower conformity spherical indentor. However, the wear rates were similar subsequent to this initial wearing in phase. Transfer films of UHMWPE were observed on the cobalt-chrome indentors for both serum and distilled water lubrication, although this film was more extensive for distilled water. The lowest wear rate was observed when oxidized zirconium was used on the femoral side, which was attributed to greater wettability, surface hardness, and immunity to oxidative wear. Tests using cobalt-chrome femoral cylinders and different grades of UHMWPE showed different wear rates. Of these PEs, GUR 415 showed less wear than both RCH 1000 and UHMWPE containing numerous fusion defects. For the latter, wear was attributed to a fatigue mechanism, although in most cases it was associated with surface phenomena rather than subsurface cracking. However, in some specimens of UHMWPE subsurface crack propagations occurred with defects. The test method is discussed in relation to its applicability to the evaluation and comparison of bearing materials and surfaces, with particular application to total knee replacements.

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