与健康有关的社会流动性:英国和芬兰当前就业男性和女性的比较。

O Rahkonen, S Arber, E Lahelma
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引用次数: 25

摘要

与健康有关的选择性社会流动被认为是健康不平等的一种可能解释。本文的目的是检验与健康相关的社会流动性对社会阶层健康差异的贡献的大小和意义。我们通过研究英国和芬兰在职男性和女性的代际社会流动性与健康之间的关系来做到这一点。我们使用了来自英国和芬兰的具有全国代表性的访谈调查。英国的数据来自1988年和1989年的综合住户调查,芬兰的数据来自1986年的生活条件调查。健康措施包括限制长期患病和自我评估的健康状况低于良好。社会流动性是比较被调查者的出身阶级(父亲的职业)和他/她的目的地阶级(自己目前的职业)来衡量的。在过去的几十年里,芬兰的社会结构变化和相关的社会流动性比英国更为剧烈。向下流动相对较少,向上流动占主导地位。在芬兰,从上层非体力劳动者向下流动到体力劳动者,男性和女性患长期疾病的风险比预期的要高一些。然而,被调查者父亲的职业类别与他/她目前的职业类别对健康没有显著的交互作用。在英国,自我评估的健康状况和限制长期疾病都与社会流动性无关。在目前就业的芬兰男性和女性中发现了一些与健康相关的向下社会流动的微弱证据,但在英国则没有。此外,自我评估健康的证据比限制长期疾病的证据要弱。在社会流动可能与健康有关的地方,它涉及非常罕见的小群体;因此,当前就业者之间的健康不平等不能用与健康有关的代际社会流动来解释。
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Health-related social mobility: a comparison of currently employed men and women in Britain and Finland.

Selective health-related social mobility has been suggested as one possible explanation for health inequalities. The aim of this paper is to examine the size and significance of the contribution which health-related social mobility makes to social class differences in health. We do this by examining the association between intergenerational social mobility and health among currently employed men and women in Britain and Finland. We used comparable nationally representative interview surveys from Britain and Finland. The British data is derived from the General Household Survey for 1988 and 1989, and the Finnish data from the 1986 Survey on Living Conditions. Health measures included limiting long-standing illness and self-assessed health as below good. Social mobility was measured comparing the respondent's class of origin (father's occupation) with his/her class of destination (own current occupation). Social structural changes and related social mobility have been more dramatic in Finland than in Britain during the last few decades. Downward mobility has been relatively rare, and mobility has taken place predominantly upwards. In Finland downward mobility from upper non-manual to manual worker was associated with a somewhat higher risk of limiting long-standing illness than expected among men as well as women. However, there was no statistically significant interaction effect on health between the respondent's father's occupational class and his/her own current class. In Britain, neither self-assessed health nor limiting long-standing illness were related to social mobility. Some weak evidence for health-related downward social mobility was found for currently employed Finnish men and women, but not for their British counterparts. Moreover, the evidence is weaker for self-assessed health than for limiting long-standing illness. Where social mobility may have been health-related, it concerns very rare and small groups; therefore health inequalities among the currently employed cannot be explained by intergenerational health-related social mobility.

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