Production of Serum Immunoglobulins and T Cell Antigen Binding Molecules Specific for Cow's Milk Antigens in Adults Intolerant to Cow's Milk

The immune response to three cow's milk antigens, β-lactoglobulin (BLG), α-lactalbumin (AL), and casein (CA) was studied in 15 milk-intolerant adult patients and 11 adult controls. IgG, IgE, and IgG subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4) and T cell-derived antigen-binding molecules (TABM) specific for each antigen were measured in both groups. In the patient group, a significant elevation of total IgG and TABM against each of the milk antigens was found as well as raised levels of IgG1 to BLG and CA, IgG4 to BLG, and IgE to CA. TABM specific for BLG were isolated by affinity for BLG and found to beM_r28,000–46,000 polypeptides functionally and physically associated with TGF-β1 and TGF-β2. These results indicate a Th2-type immune response to the milk antigens in milk-intolerant individuals compared with the control group which shows a pattern typical of anergy or deletion.