TIPS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt): state of art and personal experience.

After a brief historical view, we describe the basic technique currently used to create percutaneous portosystemic shunt. Between September 1992 and March 1995, TIPS was achieved in 50 out of 52 patients; main indications included bleeding from esophageal or gastric varices and refractory ascites. The mean portal pressure reduction was 14.9 mmHg and the mean residual portosystemic gradient was 10.5 mmHg. The average follow-up time was 11.8 months; in this period the overall mortality rate was 28%, while rebleeding occurred in 8 patients and new onsets of encephalopathy occurred in 4 cases. The major problems were due to shunt related complications observed in 46% of the patients; close follow-up and reintervention are required to keep the shunt previous. TIPS, developed ad an alternative to surgery and endoscopic sclerotherapy, is an effective and relatively safe procedure for the treatment of symptomatic portal hypertensive patient.