Modified Fontan operation. Considerations for the determination of the appropriate procedure.

Background: Although the surgical results of the modified Fontan operation continues to improve, there are various advantages and disadvantages in terms of the post operative condition associated with the Fontan modifications. Late morbidity and mortality are mainly due to arrhythmias, thromboembolic complications, systemic venous hypertension and infective endocarditis. We reported our experience of the modified Fontan operation to determine an appropriate procedure for each patient.

Methods and results: Seven patients (ranging from the age 1-14 years) underwent a modified Fontan operation including a lateral tunnel (n = 1), extracardiac conduit (n = 2) and autogenous atrial tunnel (n = 4). There was one hospital death due to sepsis in which the patient underwent lateral tunnel procedure. The mean follow up of another six patients was 20 months (ranging from 1-39 months) and all patients were classified as NYHA class I, and remained in normal sinus rhythm without any thromboembolic complications.

Conclusions: When using the autogenous atrial tunnel, there are potential advantages; it is not associated with thromboembolism or endocarditis and has growth potential. However, in high-risk patients with increased pulmonary vascular resistance, impaired ventricular function and pre-operative atrial arrhythmias, it appears reasonable to use an extracardiac conduit.