意识的概念。

E Niedermeyer
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引用次数: 103

摘要

“意识”一词在临床环境中被广泛使用,被认为是极其复杂的,实际上是无法定义的。在历史上,意识被伟大的古典哲学家所忽视,被视为“存在”的基本条件。这种情况随着笛卡儿以及随后的几个世纪而改变。提出了一个简化的、还原论的、易于定义的意识概念;意识被认为由三个主要部分组成:警惕、心理内容和选择性注意。这三个组成部分可以用现代神经科学方法进行研究——警惕性是最容易探索的功能。作者指出了睡眠和昏迷之间的显著差异(以及对睡眠开始的一些观察)。特别注意的是癫痫对意识的损害,特别是尖波的缺失,这被认为是由于额叶内“工作记忆回路”的暂时中止。
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A concept of consciousness.

The term "consciousness", so widely used in clinical settings, is considered extremely complex and practically undefinable. Historically, consciousness was ignored by the great classical philosophers, and was regarded as a basic condition of "being". This changed with Descartes and during the ensuing centuries. A simplified, reductionistic and easily definable concept of consciousness is proposed; consciousness is proposed to consist of three main components: vigilance, mental contents, and selective attention. These three components can be investigated with modern neuroscientific methods--vigilance being the most readily explorable function. The striking differences between sleep and coma are pointed out (along with some observations on sleep initiation). Special attention is paid to epileptic impairment of consciousness and, in particular, to the spike-wave absence which is thought to be due to a temporary suspension of the "working memory circuits" within the frontal lobe.

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