牛科X染色体的比较FISH定位揭示了牛亚科和牛亚科之间的同源性和差异。

L Iannuzzi, G P Di Meo, A Perucatti, D Incarnato, L Schibler, E P Cribiu
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引用次数: 77

摘要

对水牛(Bubalus bubalis, BBU)、绵羊(Ovis aries, OAR)和牛(Bos taurus, BTA)的X染色体进行比较FISH定位,揭示了牛亚科和牛亚科X染色体的同源性和差异。BBU X和OAR X分别首次获得24个和17个位点,显著扩展了这两个物种的物理图谱。17个位点(其中4个是首次)也被FISH定位到BTA X上,并用于三个物种的比较定位研究,它们显示了三个形态不同的X染色体:在BTA X和BBU X上发现了相同的基因座顺序,这表明着丝粒转位导致了组成异染色质的缺失(牛)或获得(水牛),从而分化了这两种动物的X染色体。比较牛(牛和水牛)和山羊(羊)的X染色体,发现至少有5个共同的染色体片段,这表明在它们的核型进化过程中发生了多重转位,并保留或丢失了组成型异染色质。
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Comparative FISH mapping of bovid X chromosomes reveals homologies and divergences between the subfamilies bovinae and caprinae.
Comparative FISH mapping of river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis, BBU), sheep (Ovis aries, OAR), and cattle (Bos taurus, BTA) X chromosomes revealed homologies and divergences between the X chromosomes in the subfamilies Bovinae and Caprinae. Twenty-four and 17 loci were assigned for the first time to BBU X and OAR X, respectively, noticeably extending the physical map in these two species. Seventeen loci (four of which for the first time) were also FISH mapped to BTA X and used for comparative mapping studies on the three species, which show three morphologically different X chromosomes: an acrocentric (BBU X), an acrocentric with distinct short arms (OAR X), and a submetacentric (BTA X). The same order of loci were found on BTA X and BBU X, suggesting that a centromere transposition, with loss (cattle) or acquisition (river buffalo) of constitutive heterochromatin, differentiated the X chromosomes of these two bovids. Comparison of bovine (cattle and river buffalo) and caprine (sheep) X chromosomes revealed at least five common chromosome segments, suggesting that multiple transpositions, with retention or loss of constitutive heterochromatin, had occurred during their karyotypic evolution.
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