绵羊妊娠期黄体和胎盘对卵泡生长和成熟的控制。

M A Driancourt, J Févre, J Martal, K H Al-Gubory
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引用次数: 0

摘要

绵羊的卵泡生长和成熟及其在妊娠期间的控制尚未得到充分的描述。实验1将妊娠第20、50、80和110天获得的卵泡大小和成熟度(体外类固醇生成和芳香酶活性)与发情周期第12天获得的卵泡进行比较。无论妊娠期如何,周期母羊和妊娠母羊的小卵泡(直径< 3mm)数量没有差异。从妊娠第80天开始,中等卵泡(3 ~ 5 mm)数量显著减少(P < 0.01)。妊娠第110天未见大卵泡(> 5 mm)。在整个怀孕期间,卵泡的体外睾酮输出是恒定的。雌二醇分泌量在妊娠第80天保持稳定,但在妊娠第110天明显下降。这种减少与在这一阶段获得的卵泡中芳香酶活性的减少有关。实验2考察了在交配后第100天至第120天给予高浓度孕酮对妊娠第99天剖腹产母羊卵泡恢复生长的影响。在接受剖腹产手术的母羊中,补充黄体酮成功地模仿了怀孕母羊的情况,但并没有阻止卵泡的重新开始生长,在交配后第120天出现了大卵泡(> 5毫米)。实验3观察PGF(2alpha)诱导的妊娠第100天黄体退化对卵泡恢复生长的影响。在妊娠第100天给予高浓度PGF(2 α) (0.28 mg kg(-1)体重)以启动黄体退化。交配后第120天,PGF(2alpha)处理母羊最大卵泡的平均(+/- SEM)直径(3.40 +/- 0.47 mm)显著大于对照母羊(2.52 +/- 0.34 mm)。实验4观察妊娠第100天切除胎儿和黄体对恢复排卵的影响。在取出胎儿时,用PGF(2alpha)处理黄体可使短黄体期提前发生(27.8天vs 40.6天,PGF(2alpha)处理vs未处理),但未改变第一个正常黄体期的时间(41天)。综上所述,这些实验结果表明胎盘化合物在抑制绵羊妊娠后期卵泡生长和成熟中起主要作用。
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Control of ovarian follicular growth and maturation by the corpus luteum and the placenta during pregnancy in sheep.

Ovarian follicular growth and maturation and its control throughout pregnancy have not been described fully in sheep. Experiment 1 characterized the size and maturation (steroid production in vitro and aromatase activity) of ovarian follicles obtained at days 20, 50, 80 and 110 of pregnancy compared with those obtained at day 12 of the oestrous cycle. There was no difference in the number of small follicles (< 3 mm in diameter) between cyclic and pregnant ewes, regardless of the stage of pregnancy. There was a marked reduction (P < 0.01) in the number of medium follicles (3-5 mm) starting at day 80 of pregnancy. Large follicles (> 5 mm) were not detected at day 110 of pregnancy. In vitro testosterone output by follicles was constant throughout pregnancy. Oestradiol output remained steady until day 80, but decreased markedly at day 110 of pregnancy. This decrease was associated with a reduction in aromatase activity in follicles obtained at this stage. Experiment 2 examined the effect of administration of high concentrations of progesterone between day 100 and day 120 after mating on resumption of follicular growth in ewes that underwent Caesarean section at day 99 of pregnancy. In ewes that underwent Caesarean section, progesterone supplementation was successful in mimicking the profile found in pregnant ewes, but did not prevent re-initiation of follicular growth, as demonstrated by the presence of large follicles (> 5 mm) at day 120 after mating. Experiment 3 examined the effects of PGF(2alpha)-induced regression of the corpus luteum of day 100 of pregnancy on resumption of follicular growth. High concentrations of PGF(2alpha) (0.28 mg kg(-1) body weight) administrated at day 100 of pregnancy were required to initiate regression of the corpus luteum. At day 120 after mating, the mean (+/- SEM) diameter of the largest follicle in PGF(2alpha)-treated ewes (3.40 +/- 0.47 mm) was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that in control pregnant ewes (2.52 +/- 0.34 mm). Experiment 4 examined the effect of removal of the fetus and of the corpus luteum at day 100 of pregnancy on resumption of ovulation. Removal of the corpus luteum by PGF(2alpha) treatment at the time of removal of the fetus resulted in earlier occurrence of short luteal phases (27.8 versus 40.6 days, PGF(2alpha)-treated versus non-treated) but did not alter the timing of the first normal luteal phases (41 days). In conclusion, the results from these experiments indicate that placental compounds play a major role in inhibiting follicular growth and maturation during late pregnancy in sheep.

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Characteristics and causes of the inadequate corpus luteum. Folliculogenesis in the sheep as influenced by breed, season and oestrous cycle. A changed responsiveness to oestrogen in ewes with clover disease. Nuclear transfer from somatic cells: applications in farm animal species. Identification and purification of inhibin and inhibin-related proteins.
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