The proteomics of neurodegeneration.

The continuing improvement and refinement of proteomic and bioinformatic tools has made it possible to obtain increasing amounts of structural and functional information about proteins on a global scale. The emerging field of neuroproteomics promises to provide powerful strategies for further characterizing neuronal dysfunction and cell loss associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroproteomic studies have thus far revealed relatively comprehensive quantitative changes and post-translational modifications (mostly oxidative damage) of high abundance proteins, confirming deficits in energy production, protein degradation, antioxidant protein function, and cytoskeletal regulation associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson disease. The identification of changes in low-abundance proteins and characterization of their functions based on protein-protein interactions still await further development of proteomic methodologies and more dedicated application of these technologies by neuroscientists. Once accomplished, however, the resulting information will certainly provide a truly comprehensive view of neurodegeneration-associated changes in protein expression, facilitating the identification of novel biomarkers for the early detection of neurodegenerative diseases and new targets for therapeutic intervention.