Diagnosis and Management of Neuroendocrine Disorders of Survivors of Brain Tumors.

Advances in the treatment of brain tumors have led to an increase in the number of survivors of this disease. Consequently, the long-term complications associated with past and current treatments are becoming more apparent. Of relevance to patients who receive treatment of brain tumors are the potential neuroendocrine complications that develop either acutely or several years following treatment. Presentation may differ between adults and children (e.g., short stature or adult growth hormone deficiency) but in both settings can complicate treatment and impact quality of life. The risk for the development of these complications depends on the location of the tumor (proximity to the pituitary/hypothalamus) and/or the treatment delivered (chemotherapy/surgery/radiation). Given the potential overlap in symptoms attributable to the underlying brain tumor and neuroendocrine dysfunction, a high level of suspicion, appropriate investigation, and administration of treatment may reduce morbidity and mortality for patients with brain tumors experiencing neuroendocrine dysfunction.