胶质细胞调节突触传递

Gertrudis Perea, Alfonso Araque
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引用次数: 212

摘要

神经胶质细胞作为神经元的简单支持细胞的经典观点正在被一种新的观点所取代,在这种观点中,神经胶质细胞是参与神经系统生理学的活跃元素。这一新的观点是基于星形胶质细胞(中枢神经系统中胶质细胞的一种亚型)受到突触释放的神经递质刺激的事实,这增加了星形胶质细胞Ca2+水平,并刺激了胶质递质的释放,从而调节突触的功效和可塑性。因此,我们对突触功能的理解也发生了变化,包括神经元和星形胶质细胞之间的双向信号,而之前我们认为突触功能只来自神经元之间的信号传导。因此,星形胶质细胞已被揭示为突触生理学中不可或缺的组成部分,因此有助于神经系统对信息的处理、传递和存储。因此,星形胶质细胞和神经元之间的相互交流是参与脑功能的细胞间信号传递过程的一部分。
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GLIA modulates synaptic transmission

The classical view of glial cells as simple supportive cells for neurons is being replaced by a new vision in which glial cells are active elements involved in the physiology of the nervous system. This new vision is based on the fact that astrocytes, a subtype of glial cells in the CNS, are stimulated by synaptically released neurotransmitters, which increase the astrocyte Ca2+ levels and stimulate the release of gliotransmitters that regulate synaptic efficacy and plasticity. Consequently, our understanding of synaptic function, previously thought to exclusively result from signaling between neurons, has also changed to include the bidirectional signaling between neurons and astrocytes. Hence, astrocytes have been revealed as integral elements involved in the synaptic physiology, therefore contributing to the processing, transfer and storage of information by the nervous system. Reciprocal communication between astrocytes and neurons is therefore part of the intercellular signaling processes involved in brain function.

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Brain Research Reviews
Brain Research Reviews 医学-神经科学
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