人类神经功能的产前编程。

International Journal of Peptides Pub Date : 2011-01-01 Epub Date: 2011-04-05 DOI:10.1155/2011/837596
Curt A Sandman, Elysia P Davis, Claudia Buss, Laura M Glynn
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引用次数: 176

摘要

人类胎盘表达促肾上腺皮质激素原和主要应激激素促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)的基因,深刻地改变了母亲和胎儿的“战斗或逃跑”应激系统。随着怀孕的进展,这些压力激素的水平,包括母亲的皮质醇,急剧增加。这些内分泌变化对胎儿成熟很重要,但如果水平被改变(例如,为了应对压力),它们会影响(编程)胎儿神经系统,并产生长期后果。有证据表明,胎儿暴露于应激激素水平升高(1)延迟胎儿神经系统成熟,(2)限制神经肌肉发育并改变新生儿的应激反应,(3)损害智力发育并增加婴儿的恐惧行为,(4)可能导致儿童灰质体积减少。研究表明,胎儿暴露于应激肽和激素对神经系统产生深远的编程影响,并可能增加情绪和认知障碍的风险。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Prenatal programming of human neurological function.

The human placenta expresses the genes for proopiomelanocortin and the major stress hormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), profoundly altering the "fight or flight" stress system in mother and fetus. As pregnancy progresses, the levels of these stress hormones, including maternal cortisol, increase dramatically. These endocrine changes are important for fetal maturation, but if the levels are altered (e.g., in response to stress), they influence (program) the fetal nervous system with long-term consequences. The evidence indicates that fetal exposure to elevated levels of stress hormones (i) delays fetal nervous system maturation, (ii) restricts the neuromuscular development and alters the stress response of the neonate, (iii) impairs mental development and increases fearful behavior in the infant, and (iv) may result in diminished gray matter volume in children. The studies reviewed indicate that fetal exposure to stress peptides and hormones exerts profound programming influences on the nervous system and may increase the risk for emotional and cognitive impairment.

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