丹麦卫生系统审查。

Q1 Medicine Health systems in transition Pub Date : 2012-01-01
Maria Olejaz, Annegrete Juul Nielsen, Andreas Rudkjøbing, Hans Okkels Birk, Allan Krasnik, Cristina Hernández-Quevedo
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引用次数: 0

摘要

丹麦有分散式卫生系统的传统。然而,近年来,改革和政策举措以不同的方式逐渐将卫生系统集中起来。2007年的结构改革将旧的县合并为更小的区域,旧的直辖市也是如此。医院结构也在进行类似的改革,医院越来越少,越来越大,越来越专业化。此外,近年来在规划和管理方面采取了更加集中的办法。这一点在新的国家医学专业规划以及建立全国认证体系——丹麦医疗质量计划——中得到了明显体现,该体系为丹麦的卫生系统提供者设定了国家标准。同时也在努力确保全国范围内一致的病人治疗途径——目前是针对癌症和心脏病的。这些努力还旨在改善部门间合作。在财政方面,近年来在公共卫生部门采用了更高程度的基于活动的筹资,并结合了传统的全球预算编制。丹麦的卫生保健系统仍然面临许多挑战。最近的改革和中央集权倡议的后果还有待充分评价。在此之前,不可能全面概述未来改革的目标。在预期寿命等一些健康指标方面,丹麦继续落后于其他北欧国家。许多危险因素可能是造成这种情况的原因:酒精摄入和肥胖仍然是问题,而吸烟习惯正在改善。保健方面的社会经济不平等程度也继续是一个挑战。丹麦卫生保健系统的组织今后将不得不考虑到若干挑战。其中包括疾病模式的变化,人口老龄化,患有慢性和长期疾病;确保足够的人员配备;决定如何改进以疾病预防为目标、有利于改善健康的公共卫生举措。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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Denmark health system review.

Denmark has a tradition of a decentralized health system. However, during recent years, reforms and policy initiatives have gradually centralized the health system in different ways. The structural reform of 2007 merged the old counties into fewer bigger regions, and the old municipalities likewise. The hospital structure is undergoing similar reforms, with fewer, bigger and more specialized hospitals. Furthermore, a more centralized approach to planning and regulation has been taking place over recent years. This is evident in the new national planning of medical specialties as well as the establishment of a nationwide accreditation system, the Danish Healthcare Quality Programme, which sets national standards for health system providers in Denmark. Efforts have also been made to ensure coherent patient pathways - at the moment for cancer and heart disease - that are similar nationwide. These efforts also aim at improving intersectoral cooperation. Financially, recent years have seen the introduction of a higher degree of activity-based financing in the public health sector, combined with the traditional global budgeting.A number of challenges remain in the Danish health care system. The consequences of the recent reforms and centralization initiatives are yet to be fully evaluated. Before this happens, a full overview of what future reforms should target is not possible. Denmark continues to lag behind the other Nordic countries in regards to some health indicators, such as life expectancy. A number of risk factors may be the cause of this: alcohol intake and obesity continue to be problems, whereas smoking habits are improving. The level of socioeconomic inequalities in health also continues to be a challenge. The organization of the Danish health care system will have to take a number of challenges into account in the future. These include changes in disease patterns, with an ageing population with chronic and long-term diseases; ensuring sufficient staffing; and deciding how to improve public health initiatives that target prevention of diseases and favour health improvements.

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来源期刊
Health systems in transition
Health systems in transition Medicine-Medicine (all)
CiteScore
16.00
自引率
0.00%
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0
期刊最新文献
Denmark: Health System Review. Estonia: Health System Review. Sweden: Health System Review. France: Health System Review. Health and Care Data: Approaches to data linkage for evidence-informed policy.
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