精神分裂症患者的认知控制与话语理解。

IF 3.6 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Schizophrenia Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-04-08 DOI:10.1155/2012/484502
Megan A Boudewyn, Cameron S Carter, Tamara Y Swaab
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引用次数: 25

摘要

在精神分裂症中一直观察到广泛领域的认知缺陷,并与不良的功能结果有关(Green, 1996;卡特,2006)。语言异常是其中最突出的,包括语言紊乱和理解缺陷。在这篇综述中,我们的目的是评估精神分裂症的语言处理障碍与领域一般控制缺陷的关系。我们首先概述了健康人脑中的语言理解,强调了认知控制过程的作用,特别是在话语理解过程中。然后,我们讨论了精神分裂症的认知控制缺陷,然后转向证据表明,精神分裂症患者在处理有意义的话语方面特别受损,这是控制功能缺陷的结果。我们的结论是,精神分裂症患者的领域-一般控制机制受损,而在语言理解过程中,这很可能导致在话语层面语境的处理过程中出现困难,这涉及到整合和维持多层次的意义。最后,我们预测精神分裂症患者的语言理解将在语篇加工中受到最大的损害。我们进一步认为,当话语语境中不存在相互冲突的信息,并且单个词语之间存在强烈的联系时,精神分裂症的话语理解问题可能会得到缓解。大脑中没有“语言中心”,正如心灵中没有语言能力一样。“在一个会使用语言的人身上,整个大脑或多或少都在工作。”威廉·詹姆斯摘自《心理学原理》,1890年“早发性痴呆患者的大脑就像一支没有指挥的管弦乐队”,克雷佩林,1919年。
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Cognitive control and discourse comprehension in schizophrenia.

Cognitive deficits across a wide range of domains have been consistently observed in schizophrenia and are linked to poor functional outcome (Green, 1996; Carter, 2006). Language abnormalities are among the most salient and include disorganized speech as well as deficits in comprehension. In this review, we aim to evaluate impairments of language processing in schizophrenia in relation to a domain-general control deficit. We first provide an overview of language comprehension in the healthy human brain, stressing the role of cognitive control processes, especially during discourse comprehension. We then discuss cognitive control deficits in schizophrenia, before turning to evidence suggesting that schizophrenia patients are particularly impaired at processing meaningful discourse as a result of deficits in control functions. We conclude that domain-general control mechanisms are impaired in schizophrenia and that during language comprehension this is most likely to result in difficulties during the processing of discourse-level context, which involves integrating and maintaining multiple levels of meaning. Finally, we predict that language comprehension in schizophrenia patients will be most impaired during discourse processing. We further suggest that discourse comprehension problems in schizophrenia might be mitigated when conflicting information is absent and strong relations amongst individual words are present in the discourse context."There is no "centre of Speech" in the brain any more than there is a faculty of Speech in the mind.The entire brain, more or less, is at work in a man who uses language"William JamesFrom The Principles of Psychology, 1890"The mind in dementia praecox is like an orchestra without a conductor"Kraepelin, 1919.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
2
审稿时长
14 weeks
期刊介绍: Schizophrenia Research and Treatment is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies related to all aspects of schizophrenia.
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