奥地利:卫生系统审查。

Q1 Medicine Health systems in transition Pub Date : 2013-01-01
Maria M Hofmarcher, Wilm Quentin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对奥地利卫生系统的分析回顾了最近在组织和治理、卫生融资、卫生保健提供、卫生改革和卫生系统绩效方面的发展。奥地利卫生系统为广泛的福利和高质量的护理提供全民覆盖。自由选择提供者和不受限制地获得所有护理级别(全科医生、专科医生和医院)是该系统的特点。不出所料,人口满意度远高于欧盟平均水平。自2005年以来,与收入有关的卫生不平等有所增加,尽管与其他国家相比仍然相对较低。医疗保健系统是由国家的联邦结构和将责任委托给自治利益相关者的传统形成的。一方面,这使得分散的规划和治理能够适应当地的规范和偏好。另一方面,它也导致责任分散,并经常导致协调不足。为此,几年来一直努力在联邦和区域一级实现对保健系统的更多联合规划、管理和筹资。与任何卫生系统一样,仍然存在一些挑战。无论是绝对值还是占GDP的百分比,医疗保健系统的成本都远高于欧盟15国的平均水平。医疗保健服务存在严重的结构性失衡,医院部门规模过大,可用于门诊护理和预防医学的资源不足。与此同时,在治疗服务(医院床位和专科医生)和预防性服务(如预防性健康检查、门诊康复、社会心理和心理治疗护理和护理)的利用方面存在明显的区域差异。在使用医疗服务,如预防性健康检查、免疫接种或牙科方面,存在明显的社会不平等。卫生保健系统的主要弱点之一是在疾病预防方面。预防医学支出占卫生总支出的2%,大大低于欧盟15国和经合组织的平均水平(均为3%),而且增长率也低于平均水平。还有待观察的是,2012年批准的“框架健康目标”对促进和预防健康的重点是否会转化为具体措施,是否能够分配明确的执行责任,以及是否能够提供足够的资金。这可能会改善奥地利人口的健康状况,并有助于减少与可预防疾病有关的费用。
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Austria: health system review.

This analysis of the Austrian health system reviews recent developments in organization and governance, health financing, health-care provision, health reforms and health-system performance. The Austrian health system provides universal coverage for a wide range of benefits and high-quality care. Free choice of providers and unrestricted access to all care levels (general practitioners, specialist physicians and hospitals) are characteristic features of the system. Unsurprisingly, population satisfaction is well above EU average. Income-related inequality in health has increased since 2005, although it is still relatively low compared to other countries. The health-care system has been shaped by both the federal structure of the state and a tradition of delegating responsibilities to self-governing stakeholders. On the one hand, this enables decentralized planning and governance, adjusted to local norms and preferences. On the other hand, it also leads to fragmentation of responsibilities and frequently results in inadequate coordination. For this reason, efforts have been made for several years to achieve more joint planning, governance and financing of the health-care system at the federal and regional level. As in any health system, a number of challenges remain. The costs of the health-care system are well above the EU15 average, both in absolute terms and as a percentage of GDP. There are important structural imbalances in healthcare provision, with an oversized hospital sector and insufficient resources available for ambulatory care and preventive medicine. This is coupled with stark regional differences in utilization, both in curative services (hospital beds and specialist physicians) and preventative services such as preventive health check-ups, outpatient rehabilitation, psychosocial and psychotherapeutic care and nursing. There are clear social inequalities in the use of medical services, such as preventive health check-ups, immunization or dentistry. One of the key weaknesses of the health-care system is in the prevention of illness. Spending on preventive medicine, at 2% of total health spending, is significantly lower than the EU15 and OECD average (both 3%), and also shows a below-average rate of growth. It remains to be seen whether the focus on health promotion and prevention of the 'framework health goals' approved in 2012 will be translated into concrete measures, whether clear responsibilities for implementation can be assigned, and whether sufficient funding will be made available. This would be likely to improve the health of the Austrian population and would help to reduce costs associated with preventable diseases.

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来源期刊
Health systems in transition
Health systems in transition Medicine-Medicine (all)
CiteScore
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期刊最新文献
Denmark: Health System Review. Estonia: Health System Review. Sweden: Health System Review. France: Health System Review. Health and Care Data: Approaches to data linkage for evidence-informed policy.
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