Routine and complicated extractions: avoiding and managing complications.

Dental extractions are commonly performed procedures in dentistry. For a number of different reasons, there can be serious complications both during surgical procedures and during patient recovery. Many of these complications can be avoided by recognizing "red flags" in advance of untoward events and by taking steps to prevent or manage such problems. Prior to surgery, the dentist needs quality radiographs, must be familiar with the patient's health conditions and medications, and have the knowledge and expertise to perform routine and "surgical" extractions safely, expeditiously, and with minimal (if any) loss of adjacent bone. This article, although not "all-inclusive," outlines procedures that help us either confirm correct methods we are already using or enhance our ability to become better. It reviews items that clinicians must be aware of and anticipate to allow exodontia to be done more smoothly and effectively.