分类学习中鸽子对相关属性的跟踪。

Leyre Castro, Edward A Wasserman
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引用次数: 18

摘要

在人类和动物中,大多数关于辨别学习和分类的理论和实验研究都假设,必须将注意力分配到训练刺激的相关属性上,才能发生学习。注意通常是在学习发生后推断出来的,而不是在学习发生时进行检查。我们给鸽子一个视觉分类任务,通过它们对不同报告按钮的反应来监测它们选择的准确性;至关重要的是,我们使用触摸屏技术跟踪鸽子的啄食位置与训练刺激的相关和不相关属性,以找出鸟类在分类学习过程中可能参加的位置。鸽子很容易就掌握了分类任务;最重要的是,随着训练的进行,它们越来越多地将啄食集中在类别样本的相关特征上,这表明鸟类正在追踪相关信息来解决任务。无论是引入新的不相关特征(实验1),还是引入新的相关特征,然后将这些新相关特征的判别值颠倒(实验2),鸽子的选择准确性和啄跟踪都受到强烈影响。这些结果有助于阐明注意力和学习的动态和相互作用;他们还认为,轻啄跟踪可以作为衡量鸽子注意力分配的合适方法,就像眼睛跟踪被认为是衡量人类注意力分配的合适方法一样。
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Pigeons' tracking of relevant attributes in categorization learning.

Most theories and experimental investigations of discrimination learning and categorization, in both humans and animals, hypothesize that attention must be allocated to the relevant attributes of the training stimuli for learning to occur. Attention has conventionally been inferred after learning has transpired rather than examined while learning is transpiring. We presented pigeons with a visual categorization task in which we monitored their choice accuracy through their responses to different report buttons; critically, we tracked the location of the pigeons' pecks to both the relevant and irrelevant attributes of the training stimuli using touchscreen technology, in order to find out where the birds may have been attending during the course of categorization learning. Pigeons readily mastered the categorization task; most importantly, as training progressed, they increasingly concentrated their pecks on the relevant features of the category exemplars, suggesting that the birds were tracking the relevant information to solve the task. When either new irrelevant features were introduced (Experiment 1) or when new relevant features were introduced and later the discriminative value of these new relevant features was reversed (Experiment 2), pigeons' choice accuracy and peck tracking were strongly affected. These results help elucidate the dynamics and interplay of attention and learning; they also suggest that peck tracking can be a suitable measure of the allocation of attention in pigeons, much as eyetracking is deemed to be a suitable measure of attention in humans.

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来源期刊
自引率
23.10%
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0
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition publishes experimental and theoretical studies concerning all aspects of animal behavior processes.
期刊最新文献
Valence generalization across nonrecurring structures. Learned biases in the processing of outcomes: A brief review of the outcome predictability effect. Conditioned inhibition: Historical critiques and controversies in the light of recent advances. The partial reinforcement extinction effect: The proportion of trials reinforced during conditioning predicts the number of trials to extinction. On the role of responses in Pavlovian acquisition.
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