我喜欢什么都得不到:对避免的负面结果的内隐和外显评估。

Andreas B Eder, David Dignath
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引用次数: 11

摘要

本研究考察了主动回避反应的情感后果。在奖励条件下,通过快速按键捕捉转瞬即逝的刺激确保了金钱奖励;在回避条件下,避免了金钱损失。获胜、错过胜利、失败和避免失败的结果用色块表示,这些色块被明确地(通过评估评级)和隐性地(通过情感启动任务)评估。研究人员将每一种情况下的喜欢分数与不要求积极反应的“轭控”情况下的喜欢分数进行了比较。在明确的测量中,与避免失败相关的颜色被评价为积极的,与错过胜利相关的颜色被评价为消极的,无论结果是否是自我产生的。在隐性测量中,错过的胜利和避免的损失的结果只有在它们是自我产生时才会被不同地评估。结果证实了避免损失和取得胜利之间在质量上的情感等价。讨论了回避理论的含义。
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I like to get nothing: implicit and explicit evaluation of avoided negative outcomes.

This study examined affective consequences of an active avoidance response. Catching a fleeting stimulus with a rapid key press secured a monetary reward in a reward condition or avoided a monetary loss in an avoidance condition. Outcomes of wins, missed wins, losses, and avoided losses were signaled with color patches that were evaluated explicitly (via evaluative rating) and implicitly (via an affective priming task). Liking scores in each condition were compared with those in yoked-control conditions in which wins and avoided losses were presented without the requirement of an active response. In the explicit measure, colors associated with an avoided loss were rated positively and colors associated with a missed win were judged negatively, irrespective of whether the outcome was self-generated. In the implicit measure, outcomes of missed wins and avoided losses were evaluated differently only when they were self-generated. The results confirm a qualitative affective equivalence between an avoided loss and an achieved win. Implications for avoidance theories are discussed.

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来源期刊
自引率
23.10%
发文量
0
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition publishes experimental and theoretical studies concerning all aspects of animal behavior processes.
期刊最新文献
Valence generalization across nonrecurring structures. Learned biases in the processing of outcomes: A brief review of the outcome predictability effect. Conditioned inhibition: Historical critiques and controversies in the light of recent advances. The partial reinforcement extinction effect: The proportion of trials reinforced during conditioning predicts the number of trials to extinction. On the role of responses in Pavlovian acquisition.
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