50岁及以上美国人的性风险行为和艾滋病毒风险:综述。

IF 5.1 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation Pub Date : 2015-04-21 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI:10.2147/SAR.S78808
Daniel J Pilowsky, Li-Tzy Wu
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引用次数: 2

摘要

尽管hiv相关的性风险行为已经在青少年和年轻人中得到了广泛的研究,但关于这些行为在美国老年人中的信息有限,而老年人在美国人口中所占的比例越来越大,而且研究不足。这篇关于增加艾滋病毒感染风险的性行为的文献综述发现,老年人使用避孕套的比例很低,即使他们没有长期的单一伴侣关系。Schick等人在2010年发表的一项开创性研究报告称,在50-59岁的人群中,最后一次性交使用避孕套的比例最高(24.3%;95%可信区间为15.6-35.8),并随着年龄的增长而下降,60-69岁人群患病率为17.1% (17.1%;95%置信区间,7.3-34.2)。研究表明,美国老年人可能低估了他们感染艾滋病毒的风险。药物使用也增加了性危险行为的风险,研究表明,在过去十年中,老年人中药物使用的流行率有所增加。与年轻人的情况一样,少数民族、吸毒者(如注射吸毒者)和男男性行为者中艾滋病毒感染的流行率上升。与年轻人相比,老年人一旦感染艾滋病毒,很可能在患病后期被诊断出患有与艾滋病毒相关的医学疾病。与年轻人相比,医生不太可能与老年人讨论性风险行为,也不太可能为他们检测艾滋病毒。因此,重要的是教育临床医生关于老年群体的性危险行为,并设计专门为老年人设计的预防干预措施。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Sexual risk behaviors and HIV risk among Americans aged 50 years or older: a review.

Although HIV-related sexual risk behaviors have been studied extensively in adolescents and young adults, there is limited information about these behaviors among older Americans, which make up a growing segment of the US population and an understudied population. This review of the literature dealing with sexual behaviors that increase the risk of becoming HIV-infected found a low prevalence of condom use among older adults, even when not in a long-term relationship with a single partner. A seminal study by Schick et al published in 2010 reported that the prevalence of condom use at last intercourse was highest among those aged 50-59 years (24.3%; 95% confidence interval, 15.6-35.8) and declined with age, with a 17.1% prevalence among those aged 60-69 years (17.1%; 95% confidence interval, 7.3-34.2). Studies have shown that older Americans may underestimate their risk of becoming HIV-infected. Substance use also increases the risk for sexual risk behaviors, and studies have indicated that the prevalence of substance use among older adults has increased in the past decade. As is the case with younger adults, the prevalence of HIV infections is elevated among ethnic minorities, drug users (eg, injection drug users), and men who have sex with men. When infected, older adults are likely to be diagnosed with HIV-related medical disorders later in the course of illness compared with their younger counterparts. Physicians are less likely to discuss sexual risk behaviors with older adults and to test them for HIV compared with younger adults. Thus, it is important to educate clinicians about sexual risk behaviors in the older age group and to design preventive interventions specifically designed for older adults.

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