艾滋病毒以外的病毒感染的暴露前预防。

Q2 Medicine Infezioni in Medicina Pub Date : 2022-09-01 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI:10.53854/liim-3003-5
Vicente Soriano, Ana Treviño, Carmen de Mendoza, Víctor Moreno-Torres, Ilduara Pintos, Pablo Barreiro, Octavio Corral
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引用次数: 3

摘要

从历史上看,与人类病毒感染的斗争依赖于两种医疗策略,即预防传染的疫苗和治疗受感染患者的抗病毒药物。在没有疫苗的情况下,抗病毒药物有时被用作暴露前后预防,在暴露前预防或暴露后预防使用。以前所未有的方式,使用抗逆转录病毒药物作为化学预防在艾滋病毒领域取得了胜利。事实上,每天或根据需要向从事高危行为的未感染艾滋病毒的人口服抗逆转录病毒药物可防止传染。最近,长效制剂的出现使得每三个月肌肉注射一次就能保护艾滋病毒。我们能否设想对其他人类病毒感染采取类似的预防策略?当传统疫苗不存在、无法推荐、免疫反应不理想、逃逸突变体出现或免疫力减弱时,这种“化学疫苗”的出现将填补未满足的需求。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了对病毒性乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎、逆转录病毒HTLV-1和HIV-2、呼吸道病毒流感和SARS-CoV-2等进行抗病毒化学预防的机会。
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Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for viral infections other than HIV.

The battle against human viral infections has historically relied on two medical strategies, namely vaccines to protect from contagion and antivirals to treat infected patients. In the absence of vaccines, antivirals have occasionally been used as peri-exposure prophylaxis, given either before (pre-exposure prophylaxis) or right after (post-exposure prophylaxis). In an unprecedented way, the use of antiretrovirals as chemoprophylaxis has triumphed in the HIV field. Indeed, oral antiretrovirals given either daily or at demand to HIV-uninfected individuals engaged in high-risk behaviors protect from contagion. More recently, the advent of long-acting formulations has allowed HIV protection following intramuscular injections every three months. Can we envision a similar prophylactic strategy for other human viral infections? The advent of such 'chemical vaccines' would fill an unmet need when classical vaccines do not exist, cannot be recommended, immune responses are suboptimal, escape mutants emerge or immunity wanes. In this review, we discuss the opportunities for antiviral chemoprophylaxis for viral hepatitis B and C, retroviruses HTLV-1 and HIV-2, and respiratory viruses influenza and SARS-CoV-2, among others.

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来源期刊
Infezioni in Medicina
Infezioni in Medicina Medicine-Infectious Diseases
CiteScore
8.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
62
期刊介绍: The Journal publishes original papers, in Italian or in English, on topics concerning aetiopathogenesis, prevention, epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical features and therapy of infections, whose acceptance is subject to the referee’s assessment. The Journal is of interest not only to infectious disease specialists, microbiologists and pharmacologists, but also to internal medicine specialists, paediatricians, pneumologists, and to surgeons as well. The Editorial Board includes experts in each of the above mentioned fields.
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