Past, Present, and Future of Direct Cell Reprogramming.

Budding off from the broader developmental biology and stem cell research fields, cellular reprogramming is now established as a prominent discipline in its own right. Direct cell reprogramming is defined as the cell fate conversion of a somatic cell toward another identity without a pluripotent intermediate state. In addition to the opportunity for mechanistic dissection of lineage commitment in human cells, the field offer the promise of diverse applications such as for disease modeling, cell replacement therapy, regenerative medicine, and immunotherapy that have recently spurred innovation and out of the box thinking to unleash the potential of cellular plasticity.