{"title":"用升高的环境温度揭示上肢浅静脉的最大直径","authors":"Hira Irfan, Guo Shen Ooi, May M Kyin, Pei Ho","doi":"10.1155/2016/8096473","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultrasonography is the primary tool for preoperative analysis of vein morphology for fistula creation in patients with end-stage renal disease. This study examines the effect of environmental temperature on the superficial vein size. Superficial veins of thirteen healthy volunteers were marked at three sites: cephalic vein in left lateral arm near cubital fossa, cephalic vein in left forearm at wrist, and basilic vein in left medial arm near cubital fossa. Mean diameters were recorded using ultrasound probe at 26°C and 43°C. Body temperature was increased using a Bair Hugger blanket. Mean values from the two temperatures were analyzed using paired sample t-test. All three superficial vein sites displayed statistically significant increase in diameter when the temperature was increased from 26°C to 43°C. Paired t-test showed p values of 0.001 for cephalic vein at wrist, 0.01 for cephalic vein near cubital fossa, and 0.01 for basilic vein near cubital fossa. This study proved that environmental temperature exerts a statistically significant effect on vein size measured by ultrasound during preoperative assessment for vascular access. Not to the extent of 43°C, the authors would recommend setting the room temperature higher during ultrasound vascular assessment to avoid underestimating the superficial vein size. </p>","PeriodicalId":13831,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","volume":"2016 ","pages":"8096473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5002475/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Revealing Maximal Diameter of Upper Limb Superficial Vein with an Elevated Environmental Temperature.\",\"authors\":\"Hira Irfan, Guo Shen Ooi, May M Kyin, Pei Ho\",\"doi\":\"10.1155/2016/8096473\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Ultrasonography is the primary tool for preoperative analysis of vein morphology for fistula creation in patients with end-stage renal disease. This study examines the effect of environmental temperature on the superficial vein size. Superficial veins of thirteen healthy volunteers were marked at three sites: cephalic vein in left lateral arm near cubital fossa, cephalic vein in left forearm at wrist, and basilic vein in left medial arm near cubital fossa. Mean diameters were recorded using ultrasound probe at 26°C and 43°C. Body temperature was increased using a Bair Hugger blanket. Mean values from the two temperatures were analyzed using paired sample t-test. All three superficial vein sites displayed statistically significant increase in diameter when the temperature was increased from 26°C to 43°C. Paired t-test showed p values of 0.001 for cephalic vein at wrist, 0.01 for cephalic vein near cubital fossa, and 0.01 for basilic vein near cubital fossa. This study proved that environmental temperature exerts a statistically significant effect on vein size measured by ultrasound during preoperative assessment for vascular access. Not to the extent of 43°C, the authors would recommend setting the room temperature higher during ultrasound vascular assessment to avoid underestimating the superficial vein size. </p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":13831,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"International Journal of Chronic Diseases\",\"volume\":\"2016 \",\"pages\":\"8096473\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2016-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5002475/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"International Journal of Chronic Diseases\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8096473\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2016/8/15 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Chronic Diseases","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8096473","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2016/8/15 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
超声波检查是终末期肾病患者术前分析静脉形态以建立瘘管的主要工具。本研究探讨了环境温度对浅静脉大小的影响。13 名健康志愿者的浅静脉在三个部位做了标记:左臂外侧靠近肘窝的头静脉、左前臂手腕处的头静脉和左臂内侧靠近肘窝的基底静脉。在 26°C 和 43°C 温度下使用超声波探头记录平均直径。使用 Bair Hugger 毯子提高体温。采用配对样本 t 检验分析两种温度下的平均值。当温度从 26°C 升至 43°C 时,所有三个浅静脉部位的直径都有明显的统计学增长。配对 t 检验显示,腕部头静脉的 p 值为 0.001,肘窝附近头静脉的 p 值为 0.01,肘窝附近基底静脉的 p 值为 0.01。这项研究证明,在术前评估血管通路时,环境温度对超声波测量的静脉大小有显著的统计学影响。作者建议在超声血管评估时将室温调高至 43°C,以避免低估浅静脉的大小。
Revealing Maximal Diameter of Upper Limb Superficial Vein with an Elevated Environmental Temperature.
Ultrasonography is the primary tool for preoperative analysis of vein morphology for fistula creation in patients with end-stage renal disease. This study examines the effect of environmental temperature on the superficial vein size. Superficial veins of thirteen healthy volunteers were marked at three sites: cephalic vein in left lateral arm near cubital fossa, cephalic vein in left forearm at wrist, and basilic vein in left medial arm near cubital fossa. Mean diameters were recorded using ultrasound probe at 26°C and 43°C. Body temperature was increased using a Bair Hugger blanket. Mean values from the two temperatures were analyzed using paired sample t-test. All three superficial vein sites displayed statistically significant increase in diameter when the temperature was increased from 26°C to 43°C. Paired t-test showed p values of 0.001 for cephalic vein at wrist, 0.01 for cephalic vein near cubital fossa, and 0.01 for basilic vein near cubital fossa. This study proved that environmental temperature exerts a statistically significant effect on vein size measured by ultrasound during preoperative assessment for vascular access. Not to the extent of 43°C, the authors would recommend setting the room temperature higher during ultrasound vascular assessment to avoid underestimating the superficial vein size.