The impact of gender on the frequency of syncope provoking factors and prodromal signs in patients with vasovagal syncope.

Introduction: According to the ESC guidelines, syncope is a transient loss of consciousness caused by transient, general cerebral hypoperfusion, characterized by rapid onset, short duration and spontaneous recovery.

Objectives: The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of syncope provoking factors and prodromal signs in patients with vasovagal syncope with consideration given to gender.

Materials and methods: We investigated 80 patients, aged 18-74 years with previously diagnosed vasovagal cause of syncope. Special attention was paid to the frequency of triggering factors and prodromal signs.

Results: In the studied group the mean age at first syncope was significantly lower in women (23.2±10.7) as compared to men (30.7±17.4). The mean total number of syncopal and presyncopal episodes was significantly higher in women (13.3±11.0 vs. 7.8±6.6; 26.6±12.9 vs. 13.8±6.9). In the group of men syncopal episodes were more frequent after urination and defecation. The remaining circumstances related to syncope were more prevalent in women, but only the occurrence of a syncopal episode during walking achieved statistical significance. All the prodromal signs that were analysed occurred more frequently in the group of women compared to men. Statistical significance was achieved for the analysed signs such as generalized weakness, dyspnea, heart palpitations, cold sweats, feeling of cold or heat, visual disturbances, tinnitus, headache.

Conclusions: Syncope provoking factors and prodromal signs occur more frequently in women.