[双孢蘑菇湿泡病的发生与病原核期]。

微生物学报 Pub Date : 2017-03-04
Chunlan Zhang, Jize Xu, Makoto Kakishima, Yu Li
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:研究双孢菇在不同生长阶段无菌培养时的动态核行为及其侵染后的病情进展。方法:以双孢蜜豆不同阶段的子实体、不同深度的堆肥和肠衣土分别接种黑穗病菌,启动侵染过程。利用光镜和扫描电镜观察果体症状,研究病害进展。将DNA特异性荧光染料(DAPI: 4,6 -二氨基-2-苯基吲哚二盐化物)与黑血猴的细胞核结合,用荧光显微镜观察其细胞核行为。结果:在不同深度的堆肥和包衣土上接种黑穗病菌,其致病率表现为:包衣土表面>包衣土中心>包衣土与堆肥之间>堆肥中心。perniciosus可侵染子实体发育的任何阶段,当幼小的原始子实体(可达3mm)被侵染时,形成巨大的、不规则的、肿瘤状的真菌团块。perniciosus直接穿透双孢单胞菌而不形成附着胞样结构。分生孢子的萌发导致双孢酵母在疾病发展的开始阶段出现坏死的褐色病变症状。随着疾病的发展,双孢霉菌丝发生质解、水解退化、细胞质分解、菌丝胞浆空化并最终死亡。perniciosus产生两种类型的分生孢子。1组分生孢子无隔,无色光滑,含一个核。II组双裂分生孢子有隔,含有两个核,由隔隔开。第一轮有丝分裂发生在生发管内没有细胞核的分生孢子中。另一种无性孢子为细胞壁较厚的凸型衣孢子疣,衣孢子有两个细胞。上细胞有两个核,基底细胞有一个或两个核,萌发时产生一个或两个生发管。生发管内核数不规则,通常为0 ~ 2个。结论:双孢菌可侵染双孢菌子实体的任何部位,引起细胞学上的巨大变化。如果我们进行单孢子分离来做遗传分析,我们必须分离没有间隔的分生孢子。
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[The development of Agaricus bisporus wet bubble disease and the nuclear phase of pathogen].

Objective: We studied the dynamic nuclear behavior of Hypomyces perniciosus on axenic culture and its disease progression after infection on different growth stages of Agaricus bisporus.

Methods: Infection process was initiated by inoculating different stages of A. bisporus fruit body, and different depths of compost and casing soil with H. perniciosus. Disease progression was studied by observing symptoms on the fruit body using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The nuclear behavior of H. perniciosus was determined by observation using fluorescence light microscopy after binding of DNA specific fluorochrome dye (DAPI:4, 6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride) to the nuclei.

Results: Inoculating H. perniciosus on different depths of compost and casing soil resulted in different disease rate as follows:on the surface of casing soil>in the center of casing soil>between the casing soil and the compost>in the center of compost. H. perniciosus can infect any stage of fruit body development, when young primordial (up to 3 mm) was infected, large, irregular and tumorous fungal masses were formed. H. perniciosus directly penetrated A. bisporus without the formation of appressorium-like structures. The germination of the conidia led to a necrotic brown lesion symptom on A. bisporus at the beginning stages of disease development. The mycelium of A. bisporus plasmolysed, hydropically degenerated, cytoplasmolysed, emptied of mycelium cytosol and eventual death as the disease advanced. H. perniciosus produced two types of conidia. Group I conidia had no septa, colorless and smooth containing one nucleus. Group II didymoconidium had septa, containing two nuclei, separated by septa. The first round of mitosis occurred in conidia with no nucleus in the germinal tube. Another kind of asexual spore for thicker cell wall wart convex chlamydospore, chlamydospore had two cells. The upper cell had two nuclear while the basal cell had one or two nuclear, when germinated, it produced one or two germinal tubes. The number of nuclear in the germinal tube was irregular, usually contained 0 to 2 nuclear.

Conclusion: H. perniciosus can infect any part of the A. bisporus fruit body and can cause tremendous cytology changed. If we perform single spore isolation to do genetic analysis, one must isolate conidia with no septa.

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来源期刊
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期刊介绍: Acta Microbiologica Sinica(AMS) is a peer-reviewed monthly (one volume per year)international journal,founded in 1953.It covers a wide range of topics in the areas of general and applied microbiology.The journal publishes original papers,reviews in microbiological science,and short communications describing unusual observations. Acta Microbiologica Sinica has been indexed in Index Copernicus (IC),Chemical Abstract (CA),Excerpt Medica Database (EMBASE),AJ of Viniti (Russia),Biological Abstracts (BA),Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China(ISTIC),Chinese Journal Citation Report(CJCR),Chinese Biological Abstracts,Chinese Pharmaceutical Abstracts,Chinese Medical Abstracts and Chinese Science Abstracts.
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