Pressure Ulcer in Trauma Patients: A Higher Spinal Cord Injury Level Leads to Higher Risk

Background

In a systematic review, the level of spinal cord injury (SCI) was not associated with risk for pressure ulcer (PU). We hypothesized that in the acute trauma population, upper-SCI (cervical/thoracic) has greater risk for PU when compared to lower-SCI (lumbar/sacral). We additionally sought to identify risk factors for development of PUs in trauma.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of the NTDB (2007–2015) was performed. Covariates were included in a multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine risk for PU.

Results

Of 62,929 patients (0.9%) with SCI, most had an upper-SCI (83%). The overall rate of PUs in patients with SCI was 5.1%. More patients with upper-SCI developed PUs compared to lower-SCI (5.8% vs. 2.2%, p < 0.001). SCI was the strongest predictor for PU (OR = 13.77, CI = 13.25–14.31, p < 0.001). Upper-SCI demonstrated greater risk compared to lower-SCI (OR = 2.81, CI = 2.45–3.22, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Contrary to previous reports, a higher SCI level is associated with a three-fold greater risk for PU compared to lower SCI.