Brn3/POU- iv型POU同源盒基因-跨系统发育神经元同一性的范式调节因子

Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology Pub Date : 2020-07-01 Epub Date: 2020-02-03 DOI:10.1002/wdev.374
Eduardo Leyva-Díaz, Neda Masoudi, Esther Serrano-Saiz, Lori Glenwinkel, Oliver Hobert
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引用次数: 22

摘要

理解复杂系统构造的一种方法是调查在构建这样一个系统时是否存在通常使用的简单设计原则。在神经系统发育的背景下,人们可能会问,其高度多样化的组成部分(即不同的神经元细胞类型)的产生是否依赖于具有特定共同特征的遗传机制。具体来说,在不同的神经元类型中,调节基因的功能是否存在共同的模式?这些调节机制是否不仅在一个神经系统的不同部分中使用,而且在动物的系统发育中是否都是保守的?我们在这里通过关注一个特定的,高度保守的和被充分研究的调控因子,POU同源域转录因子UNC-86来解决这些问题。过去30年的工作揭示了unc-86在秀丽隐杆线虫unc-86表达的大多数神经元类型中的共同和典型的功能主题。除了在发育过程中防止谱系重复的作用外,UNC-86还通过协同调节特定神经元类型的大量功能不同的身份决定因素,与不同的伴侣蛋白结合,启动和维持终端分化程序。unc-86的小鼠同源基因Brn3已被证明在启动和维持小鼠大脑特定部位的神经元身份方面具有类似的功能,而果蝇的唯一同源基因Acj6似乎也具有类似的功能。UNC-86在许多不同神经元类型中的终端选择功能为跨系统发育的神经元身份调节提供了一个范例。本文分类如下:基因表达和转录层次>无脊椎动物器官发生>蠕虫神经系统发育>脊椎动物:区域发育。
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Brn3/POU-IV-type POU homeobox genes-Paradigmatic regulators of neuronal identity across phylogeny.

One approach to understand the construction of complex systems is to investigate whether there are simple design principles that are commonly used in building such a system. In the context of nervous system development, one may ask whether the generation of its highly diverse sets of constituents, that is, distinct neuronal cell types, relies on genetic mechanisms that share specific common features. Specifically, are there common patterns in the function of regulatory genes across different neuron types and are those regulatory mechanisms not only used in different parts of one nervous system, but are they conserved across animal phylogeny? We address these questions here by focusing on one specific, highly conserved and well-studied regulatory factor, the POU homeodomain transcription factor UNC-86. Work over the last 30 years has revealed a common and paradigmatic theme of unc-86 function throughout most of the neuron types in which Caenorhabditis elegans unc-86 is expressed. Apart from its role in preventing lineage reiterations during development, UNC-86 operates in combination with distinct partner proteins to initiate and maintain terminal differentiation programs, by coregulating a vast array of functionally distinct identity determinants of specific neuron types. Mouse orthologs of unc-86, the Brn3 genes, have been shown to fulfill a similar function in initiating and maintaining neuronal identity in specific parts of the mouse brain and similar functions appear to be carried out by the sole Drosophila ortholog, Acj6. The terminal selector function of UNC-86 in many different neuron types provides a paradigm for neuronal identity regulation across phylogeny. This article is categorized under: Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Regulatory Mechanisms Invertebrate Organogenesis > Worms Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development.

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期刊介绍: Developmental biology is concerned with the fundamental question of how a single cell, the fertilized egg, ultimately produces a complex, fully patterned adult organism. This problem is studied on many different biological levels, from the molecular to the organismal. Developed in association with the Society for Developmental Biology, WIREs Developmental Biology will provide a unique interdisciplinary forum dedicated to fostering excellence in research and education and communicating key advances in this important field. The collaborative and integrative ethos of the WIREs model will facilitate connections to related disciplines such as genetics, systems biology, bioengineering, and psychology. The topical coverage of WIREs Developmental Biology includes: Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns; Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies; Signaling Pathways; Early Embryonic Development; Invertebrate Organogenesis; Vertebrate Organogenesis; Nervous System Development; Birth Defects; Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal and Regeneration; Cell Types and Issues Specific to Plants; Comparative Development and Evolution; and Technologies.
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