日本几个小岛屿的船舶肝炎病毒监测:到2030年消除肝炎病毒的公共卫生方法。

Euroasian Journal of Hepato-Gastroenterology Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1304

Tomohiro Akao, Morikazu Onji, Keitarou Kawasaki, Takahide Uehara, Yukima Kuwabara, Takashi Nishimoto, Shinji Yamamoto, Jiro Miyaike, Masaki Oomoto, Teruki Miyake

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引用次数: 2

摘要

目的:1990年，日本部分岛屿的船舶流行病学调查显示肝炎病毒和人T细胞白血病病毒(HTLV)高发。2018年，在首次调查28年后，对这些病毒进行了第二次流行病学研究。对这些研究的分析提供了在偏远地区消除肝炎病毒战略的见解。材料与方法:2018年，对1990年调查覆盖的岛屿305名受试者进行了甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)和HTLV的流行情况检查。血清中抗甲肝IgG检测甲肝病毒;血清乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)是HBV的确认指标。丙型肝炎病毒感染通过HCV抗体(抗HCV)的存在来评估，HTLV感染通过免疫测定来评估。在现有科学知识的基础上，对不同肝炎病毒的评估方法进行了优化。结果:1990年海岛表面健康人群中，HAV(抗-HAV)、HBV (HBsAg)、HCV(抗-HCV阳性)和HTLV的患病率分别为79.3%、11.1%、2.2%和3.3%。2018年，HAV、HBV、HCV和HTLV的患病率分别为47.9%、4.6%、1.0%和3.0%。随着年龄的增长，感染者的年龄向右倾斜。结论:该研究表明，与1990年相比，日本2018年甲型肝炎、乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎的流行率呈下降趋势，主要是通过预防措施，日本有望消除肝炎病毒。最值得注意的发现是，40岁以下几乎没有新病例，这表明对这些病毒采取了有效的遏制措施。如何引用本文:Akao T, Onji M, Kawasaki K，等。日本几个小岛屿的船舶肝炎病毒监测:到2030年消除肝炎病毒的公共卫生方法。中华肝病杂志，2019;9(2):57-62。

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Surveillance of Hepatitis Viruses in Several Small Islands of Japan by Ship: A Public Health Approach for Elimination of Hepatitis Viruses by 2030.

Aim: In 1990, an epidemiological survey by ship in some Japanese islands revealed high prevalence of hepatitis viruses and human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV). A second prevalence study of these viruses were accomplished in 2018, 28 years after initial survey. Analysis of these studies provide insights about strategies of elimination of hepatitis viruses at remote areas.

Materials and methods: In 2018, prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and HTLV was checked in 305 subjects in the islands those covered in 1990's survey. Hepatitis A virus was checked by the presence of anti-HAV IgG in sera; HBV was affirmed when hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in sera. Hepatitis C virus infection was evaluated by the presence of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) and infection with HTLV was estimated by immunoassay. The methodology of assessment of different hepatitis viruses were optimized on the basis of present scientific knowhow.

Results: In 1990, the prevalence of HAV (presence of anti-HAV), HBV (presence of HBsAg), HCV (positivity for anti-HCV), and HTLV was found in 79.3%, 11.1%, 2.2%, and 3.3% of apparently health subjects of the islands, respectively. The prevalence of HAV, HBV, HCV, and HTLV was 47.9%, 4.6%, 1.0%, and 3.0%, respectively, in 2018. A shift of age of infected persons tilted towards right as the days progressed.

Conclusion: The study indicates a scenario of elimination of hepatitis viruses in Japan as lower trends of prevalence of HAV, HBV, and HCV have been recorded in 2018 compared with 1990, mainly by preventive measures. The most notable finding is that there are almost no new case below the age of 40 years, indicating an effective containment measure against these viruses.

How to cite this article: Akao T, Onji M, Kawasaki K, et al. Surveillance of Hepatitis Viruses in Several Small Islands of Japan by Ship: A Public Health Approach for Elimination of Hepatitis Viruses by 2030. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2019;9(2):57-62.

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