在传染病方面,对公共卫生干预措施造成的损失进行补偿的一般方法。

IF 1.6 Q2 ETHICS Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI:10.1007/s40592-020-00104-2
Søren Holm
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文就社会应如何补偿个人因旨在控制传染病传播的公共卫生干预措施而遭受的损失,提出了一种一般性方法。本文分为三个部分。第一部分初步介绍了相关问题,并简要概述了将作为测试案例的五种不同的公共卫生干预措施。它们都针对个人,旨在控制传染病的传播:(1) 隔离;(2) 检疫;(3) 建议自愿拉开社会距离;(4) 改变为无症状的多重耐药微生物携带者提供的医疗服务;(5) 接种疫苗。将简要介绍这些干预措施,包括受这些干预措施影响的个人可能遭受的各种风险、负担和伤害。第二部分将对目前存在的补偿机制进行简要调查,并指出即使存在补偿机制,这些机制也明显不足,没有提供足够的补偿。然后,第三部分将就传染病背景下公共卫生干预造成的损失制定一个总体补偿框架。这是本文的主要分析和建设性部分。它首先分析了支持国家有义务赔偿此类损失的实用主义和伦理学论据,然后考虑这一义务是否会因(1)资源方面的考虑或(2)与个人责任有关的问题而落空。
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A general approach to compensation for losses incurred due to public health interventions in the infectious disease context.

This paper develops a general approach to how society should compensate for losses that individuals incur due to public health interventions aimed at controlling the spread of infectious diseases. The paper falls in three parts. The first part provides an initial introduction to the issues and briefly outlines five different kinds of public health interventions that will be used as test cases. They are all directed at individuals and aimed at controlling the spread of infectious diseases (1) isolation, (2) quarantine, (3) recommended voluntary social distancing, (4) changes in health care provision for asymptomatic carriers of multi-resistant microorganisms, and (5) vaccination. The interventions will be briefly described including the various risks, burdens and harms individuals who are subject to these interventions may incur. The second part briefly surveys current compensation mechanisms as far as any exist and argue that even where they exist they are clearly insufficient and do not provide adequate compensation. The third part will then develop a general framework for compensation for losses incurred due to public health interventions in the infectious disease context. This is the major analytical and constructive part of the paper. It first analyses pragmatic and ethical arguments supporting the existence of an obligation on the part of the state to compensate for such losses, and then considers whether this obligation can be defeated by (1) resource considerations, or (2) issues relating to personal responsibility.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
6.20%
发文量
16
期刊介绍: Monash Bioethics Review provides comprehensive coverage of traditional topics and emerging issues in bioethics. The Journal is especially concerned with empirically-informed philosophical bioethical analysis with policy relevance. Monash Bioethics Review also regularly publishes empirical studies providing explicit ethical analysis and/or with significant ethical or policy implications. Produced by the Monash University Centre for Human Bioethics since 1981 (originally as Bioethics News), Monash Bioethics Review is the oldest peer reviewed bioethics journal based in Australia–and one of the oldest bioethics journals in the world. An international forum for empirically-informed philosophical bioethical analysis with policy relevance. Includes empirical studies providing explicit ethical analysis and/or with significant ethical or policy implications. One of the oldest bioethics journals, produced by a world-leading bioethics centre. Publishes papers up to 13,000 words in length. Unique New Feature: All Articles Open for Commentary
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