野生食物的梯度框架

Andrea Borghini, Nicola Piras, Beatrice Serini
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引用次数: 7

摘要

野生食物的概念在当代营养科学中没有发挥重要作用,很少被视为标准膳食指南中的一个显著特征。野生可食类群的知识体系确实面临着消失的危险。然而,最近在民族植物学、野外生物学和哲学方面的研究表明,野生食物对粮食生物多样性和粮食安全起着至关重要的作用。了解如何使用和消费野生食物不仅是提供高端烹饪产品的一种手段,也是培育其他消费模式的一种方式。本文的目的是为野生食物提供一个概念框架,该框架可以解释各种野生食物本体。在本文的第一部分,我们概述了文献中提供的野生食品的主要概念,我们称之为自然观。我们认为,这种观点没有捕捉到在烹饪意义上对荒野进行合理描述的核心特征。在论文的第二部分,我们为一个改进的野生食物模型提供了基础,该模型可以在烹饪世界中包含多个维度和程度的荒野。在论文的第三部分,我们认为,由于更细致的本体论分析,梯度框架可以为民族生物学家、哲学家、科学家和政策制定者提供服务,以代表和协商关于野生食物本质的理论冲突。
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A gradient framework for wild foods

The concept of wild food does not play a significant role in contemporary nutritional science and it is seldom regarded as a salient feature within standard dietary guidelines. The knowledge systems of wild edible taxa are indeed at risk of disappearing. However, recent scholarship in ethnobotany, field biology, and philosophy demonstrated the crucial role of wild foods for food biodiversity and food security. The knowledge of how to use and consume wild foods is not only a means to deliver high-end culinary offerings, but also a way to foster alternative models of consumption. Our aim in this paper is to provide a conceptual framework for wild foods, which can account for diversified wild food ontologies. In the first section of the paper, we survey the main conception of wild foods provided in the literature, what we call the Nature View. We argue that this view falls short of capturing characteristics that are core to a sound account of wilderness in a culinary sense. In the second part of the paper, we provide the foundation for an improved model of wild food, which can countenance multiple dimensions and degrees connoting wilderness in the culinary world. In the third part of the paper we argue that thanks to a more nuanced ontological analysis, the gradient framework can serve ethnobiologists, philosophers, scientists, and policymakers to represent and negotiate theoretical conflicts on the nature of wild food.

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期刊介绍: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences is devoted to historical, sociological, philosophical and ethical aspects of the life and environmental sciences, of the sciences of mind and behaviour, and of the medical and biomedical sciences and technologies. Contributions are from a wide range of countries and cultural traditions; we encourage both specialist articles, and articles combining historical, philosophical, and sociological approaches; and we favour works of interest to scientists and medics as well as to specialists in the history, philosophy and sociology of the sciences.
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