激进的强化是一种道德地位的削弱。

IF 1.6 Q2 ETHICS Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI:10.1007/s40592-020-00118-w
Jesse Gray
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引用次数: 0

摘要

尼古拉斯-阿加尔(Nicholas Agar)、杰夫-麦克马汉(Jeff McMahan)和艾伦-布坎南(Allen Buchanan)都对远远超出物种典型范围的人类强化表示担忧。他们认为,从根本上增强的人类将通过提高道德地位或对基本权利的更强要求,有权获得更多、更有益的待遇。我对这些说法提出了质疑,首先我认为,新兴技术很可能会让强化人直接控制自己的精神状态。我们目前对自己的精神生活缺乏控制,这在很大程度上加剧了我们的脆弱感。然后,我认为应该从脆弱性的角度来看待道德地位。强化人将慢慢获得控制自己精神状态的能力,从而降低他们的脆弱性。这些从根本上得到强化的生命将拥有更强的能力,其内在生命可能比我们自己的生命更有价值。他们的脆弱性也会降低,因此,他们的道德地位将从属于我们自己。
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Radical enhancement as a moral status de-enhancer.

Nicholas Agar, Jeff McMahan and Allen Buchanan have all expressed concerns about enhancing humans far outside the species-typical range. They argue radically enhanced beings will be entitled to greater and more beneficial treatment through an enhanced moral status, or a stronger claim to basic rights. I challenge these claims by first arguing that emerging technologies will likely give the enhanced direct control over their mental states. The lack of control we currently exhibit over our mental lives greatly contributes to our sense of vulnerability. I then argue moral status should be viewed in terms of vulnerability. The enhanced will slowly gain the ability to command their mental states, reducing their vulnerability. These radically enhanced beings will have greater capacities, and possibly an inner life more valuable than our own. They will also be less vulnerable, and as a result, their moral status will be subordinate to our own.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
6.20%
发文量
16
期刊介绍: Monash Bioethics Review provides comprehensive coverage of traditional topics and emerging issues in bioethics. The Journal is especially concerned with empirically-informed philosophical bioethical analysis with policy relevance. Monash Bioethics Review also regularly publishes empirical studies providing explicit ethical analysis and/or with significant ethical or policy implications. Produced by the Monash University Centre for Human Bioethics since 1981 (originally as Bioethics News), Monash Bioethics Review is the oldest peer reviewed bioethics journal based in Australia–and one of the oldest bioethics journals in the world. An international forum for empirically-informed philosophical bioethical analysis with policy relevance. Includes empirical studies providing explicit ethical analysis and/or with significant ethical or policy implications. One of the oldest bioethics journals, produced by a world-leading bioethics centre. Publishes papers up to 13,000 words in length. Unique New Feature: All Articles Open for Commentary
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