Viorela Diaconu, Nadine Ouellette, Robert Bourbeau
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引用次数: 0
摘要
与加拿大同龄人相比,美国老年人的寿命更短,死亡年龄的变化也更大。为了深入了解造成加拿大和美国老年人死亡率差异的根本因素,我们提出了死因分析法。因此,本文的目的是比较加拿大和美国自 20 世纪 70 年代以来特定死因的模态年龄(M)和高于模态的标准偏差(SD(M +))的水平和趋势。我们重点关注六大主要死因,即脑血管疾病、心脏病和四种癌症。从详细的人口和特定死因死亡率数据中获得的 P-spline 平滑死亡年龄分布计算出每个主要死因的特定国家 M 和 SD(M +) 估计值。我们的结果显示,两国大多数死因的 M 和 SD(M +) 水平和趋势相似,但乳腺癌(女性)和肺癌(男性)除外,这两个死因的差异最为明显。在这两种情况下,美国的平均寿命都比加拿大短,美国的老年死亡率不平等也更大。造成这些差异的部分原因是,在采取健康风险行为和获得医疗服务方面,美国的社会经济分层程度高于加拿大。
Modal lifespan and disparity at older ages by leading causes of death: a Canada-U.S. comparison.
The U.S. elderly experience shorter lifespans and greater variability in age at death than their Canadian peers. In order to gain insight on the underlying factors responsible for the Canada-U.S. old-age mortality disparities, we propose a cause-of-death analysis. Accordingly, the objective of this paper is to compare levels and trends in cause-specific modal age at death (M) and standard deviation above the mode (SD(M +)) between Canada and the U.S. since the 1970s. We focus on six broad leading causes of death, namely cerebrovascular diseases, heart diseases, and four types of cancers. Country-specific M and SD(M +) estimates for each leading cause of death are calculated from P-spline smooth age-at-death distributions obtained from detailed population and cause-specific mortality data. Our results reveal similar levels and trends in M and SD(M +) for most causes in the two countries, except for breast cancer (females) and lung cancer (males), where differences are the most noticeable. In both of these instances, modal lifespans are shorter in the U.S. than in Canada and U.S. old-age mortality inequalities are greater. These differences are explained in part by the higher stratification along socioeconomic lines in the U.S. than in Canada regarding the adoption of health risk behaviours and access to medical services.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Population Research is a peer-reviewed, international journal which publishes papers on demography and population-related issues. Coverage is not restricted geographically. The Journal publishes substantive empirical analyses, theoretical works, applied research and contributions to methodology. Submissions may take the form of original research papers, perspectives, review articles and shorter technical research notes. Special issues emanating from conferences and other meetings are also considered.