Inhibitory Effects of Genistein on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Induced by Ox-LDL: Role of BKCa Channels.

Background: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) is a crucial pathogenic factor for vascular diseases, which can induce the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Genistein is the main component of soybean isoflavone. Genistein has a variety of pharmacological properties in the treatment of vascular diseases and a promising clinical application. Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKCa) channels are the primary type of potassium channels in VSMCs, which regulate various biological functions of VSMCs. However, whether genistein exerts an antiproliferation effect on Ox-LDL-stimulated VSMCs remains unclear. The current study is aimed at elucidating the effect of genistein on the Ox-LDL-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs and its possible molecular mechanism, especially the electrophysiological mechanism related to BKCa channels.

Methods: Monoculture VSMC was obtained by an acute enzyme-dispersing method. The proliferation of cells was measured by CCK-8, cell cycle, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. The BKCa whole-cell currents were measured by patch-clamp.

Results: Ox-LDL treatment induced the proliferation of VSMCs, upregulated the BKCa protein expression, and increased the density of BKCa currents, while genistein significantly inhibited these effects caused by Ox-LDL. BKCa channels exerted a regulatory role in the proliferation of VSMCs in response to Ox-LDL. The inhibition of BKCa channels suppressed Ox-LDL-stimulated VSMC proliferation, while the activation of BKCa channels showed the opposite effect. Moreover, genistein suppressed the activity of BKCa, including protein expression and current density in a protein tyrosine kinase- (PTK-) dependent manner.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that genistein inhibited the Ox-LDL-mediated proliferation of VSMCs by blocking the cell cycle progression; the possible molecular mechanism may be related to PTK-dependent suppression of BKCa channels. Our results provided novel ideas for the application of genistein in the treatment of vascular diseases and proposed a unique insight into the antiproliferative molecular mechanism of genistein.