睡眠质量对青少年和成年运动员警觉性和感知能力的影响

Journal of Sports Medicine Pub Date : 2021-04-11 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI:10.1155/2021/5585573
Vasileios T Stavrou, Kyriaki Astara, Konstantinos N Tourlakopoulos, Zoe Daniil, Konstantinos I Gourgoulianis, Konstantinos Kalabakas, Dimitrios Karagiannis, George Basdekis
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究旨在调查睡眠质量对青少年和成年运动员在疲劳运动后感知能力认知领域的影响。我们将 86 名男性职业足球运动员分为两组:青少年组(年龄:17.3 ± 0.2 岁,体重:68.9 ± 7.9 千克,体脂:9.9 ± 3.6 %)和成年组(年龄:26.3 ± 5.2 岁,体重:76.5 ± 7.2 千克,体脂:10.3 ± 3.1 %)。在进行心肺运动测试(CPET)之前,对每位运动员的人体测量和形态特征进行了记录,并回答了匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)问卷。心肺运动测试结束后,所有运动员立即进行了 30 秒钟的感知能力测试(PATest),并记录了点击次数(rep/30 秒)和视觉刺激与后续刺激之间的时间(平均反应时间;RT,秒)。最大努力时的摄氧量和无氧阈值时的摄氧量在命中率(P=0.037)和 RT(P=0.025)之间存在差异。PSQI 问卷的变量 "做恶梦 "与命中率(P=0.021)和 RT(P=0.011)相关,RT 与变量 "无法舒适呼吸"(P=0.041)和"......完成工作的热情"(P=0.041)相关。与成年人相比,青少年的睡眠质量较差(PSQI 分数:5.7 ± 3.6 vs. 2.4 ± 2.6),与 PSQI 分数≥5.5 的青少年运动员相比,反应时间较慢(0.9 ± 0.1 vs. 0.8 ± 0.1 秒,P=0.029)。青少年的 PSQI 分数变量与最大努力时的心率有关(r = -0.364,P=0.032),而成人的 PSQI 分数变量与速度有关(r = -0.335,P=0.016)。知觉能力需要持续的注意力、警觉性和运动协调能力,而睡眠不足往往会对知觉能力产生负面影响,尤其是对青少年而言。
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Sleep Quality's Effect on Vigilance and Perceptual Ability in Adolescent and Adult Athletes.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of sleep quality in cognitive domains of perceptual ability after exhausting exercise in adolescent and adult athletes. Eighty-six male professional soccer players were included in our study and divided into two groups: adolescents (age: 17.3 ± 0.2 yrs, body mass: 68.9 ± 7.9 kg, body fat: 9.9 ± 3.6 %) versus adults (age: 26.3 ± 5.2 yrs, body mass: 76.5 ± 7.2 kg, body fat: 10.3 ± 3.1 %). For each athlete, prior to cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), anthropometric and morphological characteristics were recorded and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire was answered. Immediately after CPET, all athletes underwent the perceptual ability test (PATest) for 30 sec and the sum of hits (rep/30 sec) and the time between a visual stimulus and the following stimulus (mean reaction time; RT, sec) were recorded. Oxygen uptake in maximal effort and in anaerobic threshold showed differences between hits (P=0.037) and RT (P=0.025). The variable of PSQI questionnaire "had bad dreams" showed correlation with hits (P=0.021) and RT (P=0.011) and the RT showed correlation with variables "cannot breathe comfortably" (P=0.041) and "...enthusiasm to get things done" (P=0.041). Adolescents showed poorer sleep quality (PSQI score: 5.7 ± 3.6 vs. 2.4 ± 2.6) compared to adults and slower reaction time (0.9 ± 0.1 vs. 0.8 ± 0.1 sec, P=0.029) compared to adolescent athletes with PSQI score ≥5.5. The variable of PSQI score in adolescents is related to HR in maximal effort (r = -0.364, P=0.032) and in adults is related to speed (r = -0.335, P=0.016). Perceptual ability, which requires sustained attention, vigilance, and motor coordination, is often negatively affected by restricted sleep, especially in adolescents.

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