"Hopefully you've landed the waka on the shore": Negotiated spaces in New Zealand's bicultural mental health system.

The multifaceted context of Aotearoa / New Zealand offers insight into the negotiation of cultural discourses in mental health. There, bicultural practice has emerged as a theoretically rights-based delivery of culturally responsive and aligned therapies. Bicultural practices invite clinicians into spaces between Indigenous and Westernized knowing to negotiate and innovate methods of healing. In this article, we present findings from a qualitative study based on one year of ethnographic fieldwork. Drawing on negotiated spaces theory and critical interactionism, we report results of a situational analysis of interviews conducted with 30 service providers working within the bicultural mental health system. Through iterative map-making, we chart the discursive positions taken in the negotiated spaces between Indigenous and Western lifeworlds. In total, we identified five major positions of negotiated practices within the institutionalized discourses that constitute bicultural mental health. Findings indicate that negotiations from Westernized systems of care have been, at best, superficial and that monoculturalism continues to dominate within the bicultural framework. Implications are made for genuine engagement in the negotiated spaces, so treatment has resonance for clients living in multi-cultural, yet Western-dominant societies.