Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumors (ATRT): King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre experience

Background

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor is an uncommon aggressive central nervous system tumor. All retrospective series have shown a short mean overall survival rate. Considering the rarity of the disease, few prospective clinical trials addressed treatment recommendations for such aggressive tumors, and consequently no definitive treatment guidelines have been established. In this study, we are reviewing our experience in treating atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor patients.

Methods

We reviewed the medical charts of 43 patients with atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor who were treated in King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between 1996 and 2013. We evaluated the overall survival rate and the influence of different clinical features and treatment protocols on survival.

Results

The median overall survival time was 16.9 months (95% Confidence Interval, 5.2–32.9 months) with an estimated 2- and 5-year overall survival of 41.9% ± 9.6 and 27.9% ± 9.2, respectively. Patients receiving trimodal treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) exhibited significantly better median overall survival time compared to their counterparts (P value < .001).

Conclusions

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor is rare and aggressive central nervous system tumor. Despite the limitations of the study, our results support several of clinical practice development. Utilization of postoperative radiotherapy and the adoption of trimodal therapy are associated with significant improvement of median survival. Prompt management with aggressive trimodal therapy should be the standard for future treatment protocols.