Chukwuebuka Egbuna, Vijaykumar K Parmar, Jaison Jeevanandam, Shahira M Ezzat, Kingsley C Patrick-Iwuanyanwu, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Johra Khan, Eugene N Onyeike, Chukwuemelie Zedech Uche, Muhammad Akram, Mervat S Ibrahim, Nihal M El Mahdy, Chinaza Godswill Awuchi, Kaliyaperumal Saravanan, Habibu Tijjani, Uchenna Estella Odoh, Mohammed Messaoudi, Jonathan C Ifemeje, Michael C Olisah, Nebechi Jane Ezeofor, Chukwudi Jude Chikwendu, Chinwe Gloria Ibeabuchi
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Toxicity of Nanoparticles in Biomedical Application: Nanotoxicology.
Nanoparticles are of great importance in development and research because of their application in industries and biomedicine. The development of nanoparticles requires proper knowledge of their fabrication, interaction, release, distribution, target, compatibility, and functions. This review presents a comprehensive update on nanoparticles' toxic effects, the factors underlying their toxicity, and the mechanisms by which toxicity is induced. Recent studies have found that nanoparticles may cause serious health effects when exposed to the body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact without caution. The extent to which toxicity is induced depends on some properties, including the nature and size of the nanoparticle, the surface area, shape, aspect ratio, surface coating, crystallinity, dissolution, and agglomeration. In all, the general mechanisms by which it causes toxicity lie on its capability to initiate the formation of reactive species, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and neurotoxicity, among others.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Toxicology is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies in all areas of toxicological sciences. The journal will consider articles looking at the structure, function, and mechanism of agents that are toxic to humans and/or animals, as well as toxicological medicine, risk assessment, safety evaluation, and environmental health.