养殖场鲑鱼健康检查的成本驱动因素

IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q3 FISHERIES Journal of aquatic animal health Pub Date : 2021-10-22 DOI:10.1002/aah.10139
Carole Engle, Jonathan van Senten, Michael Schwarz, Kathleen Hartman, Lori Gustafson, Kamina Johnson, Lynn Creekmore
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引用次数: 8

摘要

水产养殖场的管理费用已显示出巨大的规模,值得进一步分析。本研究从美国鲑鱼养殖场的全国调查数据中确定了养殖场鱼类健康检查成本的驱动因素。查明的最大费用主要与国家鱼类健康要求有关,即在批准出售和/或运输动物的必要许可证之前进行检查和测试,以证明鱼类不含特定病原体。鱼类健康检查费用包括实验室检测、农场工作人员时间、兽医费用和将样品运送到实验室,其中实验室检测和农场工作人员时间的价值是最昂贵的部分。主要的成本驱动因素是检测次数,以及所需取样是在整个农场范围内进行,还是按收集者确定的每个批次进行。主要向休闲市场销售的养殖户比主要销售食用鱼的养殖户的鱼健康成本更高,因为养殖户养殖的鲑鱼种类和大小/年龄等级更多。监管要求在养殖场测试所有鱼种和大小/年龄等级,增加了测试的总数、牺牲的鱼的总价值和运输成本,从而增加了检查成本。因此,对于拥有一个以上物种或一个以上尺寸/年龄级别的农场,每年的农场水平测试比每年基于地块的测试成本更低。尽管只有少数应答者报告说,一年中检测次数的增加会大大增加成本,使盈利的养殖场变得无利可图,甚至食用鱼养殖场也是如此。较小的鲑鱼养殖场比较大的养殖场承受着不成比例的更大的检验成本负担。鱼类健康检查方案只对最易受影响的鱼种和大小/年龄级别进行一次年度检查,这表明即使在较小的鲑鱼养殖场,成本负担也不会造成经济困境。其他情景(基于调查数据)包括对多种物种和大小/年龄类别进行批量调查,结果导致鱼类健康检查成本大大增加,导致各种规模和业务类型的渔场无利可图。研究结果表明,实施综合水产养殖卫生规划标准可能会减少基于风险和病原体的检查和取样鱼的总数,同时保持与目前方法相当或更高的健康状况。美国渔业协会-鱼类健康部门蓝皮书检查方法的解释和应用在各州之间不一致,而且通常是产量批次-而不是农场一级的健康认证,因为测试结果的历史,风险评估和生物安全实践通常没有被考虑在内。在有关鱼类健康管理的决定和政策中,应考虑到替代鱼类健康抽样和测试要求的成本影响。
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Farm-Level Cost Drivers of Salmonid Fish Health Inspections

Regulatory costs on aquaculture farms have been shown to be of a magnitude that warrants additional analysis. The drivers of farm-level costs of fish health inspections were identified in this study from national survey data on U.S. salmonid farms. The greatest costs identified were related primarily to state fish health requirements for inspection and testing to certify that fish are free of specific pathogens prior to approval of necessary permits to sell and/or transport animals. Fish health inspection costs included laboratory testing, farm personnel time, veterinary fees, and shipping samples to laboratories, with laboratory testing and the value of farm personnel time being the most expensive components. Principal cost drivers were the number of tests and whether required sampling was farmwide or for each lot as identified by the collector. Farmers who primarily sold into recreational markets had greater fish health costs than farmers who primarily sold food fish because of the greater numbers of species and size-/age-classes of salmonids on their farms. Regulatory requirements to test all species and size-/age-classes on farms increased inspection costs by increasing the total number of tests, the total value of fish sacrificed, and shipping costs. Consequently, for farms with more than one species or more than one size-/age-class, annual farm-level testing was less costly than annual lot-based testing. Increased numbers of tests in a given year, although reported by only a few respondents, can increase costs dramatically and turn profitable farms unprofitable, even food fish farms. Smaller salmonid farms experienced disproportionately greater inspection cost burdens than did larger farms. The fish health inspection scenario of only one annual inspection of only the most susceptible species and size-/age-class showed a cost burden that did not generate economic distress, even on smaller salmonid farms. Other scenarios modeled (based on survey data) that included lot-based surveys of multiple species and size-/age-classes resulted in substantially greater fish health inspection costs that led to unprofitability for various farm sizes and business types. Study results suggest that implementing Comprehensive Aquaculture Health Program Standards might allow for risk- and pathogen-based reductions in the total number of inspections and fish sampled while maintaining equivalent or greater health status compared to current methods. American Fisheries Society–Fish Health Section Blue Book inspection methods are interpreted and applied inconsistently across states and generally yield lot- rather than farm-level health attestations because the history of testing results, risk assessment, and biosecurity practices are not typically taken into account. The cost effects of alternative fish health sampling and testing requirements should be considered in decisions and policy on fish health regulation.

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来源期刊
Journal of aquatic animal health
Journal of aquatic animal health 农林科学-兽医学
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
25
审稿时长
>24 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Aquatic Animal Health serves the international community of scientists and culturists concerned with the health of aquatic organisms. It carries research papers on the causes, effects, treatments, and prevention of diseases of marine and freshwater organisms, particularly fish and shellfish. In addition, it contains papers that describe biochemical and physiological investigations into fish health that relate to assessing the impacts of both environmental and pathogenic features.
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