Michael D Johnston, Tanya E Whiteside, Michelle E Allen, David M Kurtz
{"title":"天然成分实验动物饲料中产气荚膜梭菌的产毒特性分析。","authors":"Michael D Johnston, Tanya E Whiteside, Michelle E Allen, David M Kurtz","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-22-000013","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Clostridium perfringens</i> is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that ubiquitously inhabits a wide variety of natural environments including the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. <i>C. perfringens</i> is an opportunistic enteropathogen capable of producing at least 20 different toxins in various combinations. Strains of <i>C. perfringens</i> are currently categorized into 7 toxinotypes (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) based on the presence or absence of 6 typing-toxins (α, β, epsilon, iota, enterotoxin, and netB). Each toxinotype is associated with specific histotoxic and enteric diseases. Spontaneous enteritis due to <i>C. perfringens</i> has been reported in laboratory animals; however, the source of the bacteria was unknown. The Quality Assurance Laboratory (QAL) at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) routinely screens incoming animal feeds for aerobic, enteric pathogens, such as <i>Salmonella</i> spp. and <i>E. coli.</i> Recently, QAL incorporated anaerobic screening of incoming animal feeds. To date, the lab has isolated numerous <i>Clostridium</i> species, including <i>C. perfringens,</i> from 23 lots of natural ingredient laboratory animal diets. Published reports of <i>C. perfringens</i> isolation from laboratory animal feeds could not be found in the literature. Therefore, we performed a toxin profile screen of our isolated strains of <i>C. perfringens</i> using PCR to determine which toxinotypes were present in the laboratory animal diets. Our results showed that most <i>C. perfringens</i> strains we isolated from the laboratory animal feed were toxinotype A with most strains also possessing the theta toxin. Two of the <i>C. perfringens</i> strains also possessed the β toxin. Our results demonstrated the presence of <i>C. perfringens</i> in nonsterile, natural ingredient feeds for laboratory animals which could serve as a source of this opportunistic pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8915413/pdf/cm2022000050.pdf","citationCount":"2","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Toxigenic Profile of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Strains Isolated from Natural Ingredient Laboratory Animal Diets.\",\"authors\":\"Michael D Johnston, Tanya E Whiteside, Michelle E Allen, David M Kurtz\",\"doi\":\"10.30802/AALAS-CM-22-000013\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p><i>Clostridium perfringens</i> is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that ubiquitously inhabits a wide variety of natural environments including the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. <i>C. perfringens</i> is an opportunistic enteropathogen capable of producing at least 20 different toxins in various combinations. Strains of <i>C. perfringens</i> are currently categorized into 7 toxinotypes (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) based on the presence or absence of 6 typing-toxins (α, β, epsilon, iota, enterotoxin, and netB). Each toxinotype is associated with specific histotoxic and enteric diseases. Spontaneous enteritis due to <i>C. perfringens</i> has been reported in laboratory animals; however, the source of the bacteria was unknown. The Quality Assurance Laboratory (QAL) at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) routinely screens incoming animal feeds for aerobic, enteric pathogens, such as <i>Salmonella</i> spp. and <i>E. coli.</i> Recently, QAL incorporated anaerobic screening of incoming animal feeds. To date, the lab has isolated numerous <i>Clostridium</i> species, including <i>C. perfringens,</i> from 23 lots of natural ingredient laboratory animal diets. Published reports of <i>C. perfringens</i> isolation from laboratory animal feeds could not be found in the literature. Therefore, we performed a toxin profile screen of our isolated strains of <i>C. perfringens</i> using PCR to determine which toxinotypes were present in the laboratory animal diets. Our results showed that most <i>C. perfringens</i> strains we isolated from the laboratory animal feed were toxinotype A with most strains also possessing the theta toxin. Two of the <i>C. perfringens</i> strains also possessed the β toxin. Our results demonstrated the presence of <i>C. perfringens</i> in nonsterile, natural ingredient feeds for laboratory animals which could serve as a source of this opportunistic pathogen.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":10659,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Comparative medicine\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-02-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8915413/pdf/cm2022000050.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"2\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Comparative medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-22-000013\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2022/2/11 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"VETERINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Comparative medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-22-000013","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2022/2/11 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Toxigenic Profile of Clostridium perfringens Strains Isolated from Natural Ingredient Laboratory Animal Diets.
Clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that ubiquitously inhabits a wide variety of natural environments including the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. C. perfringens is an opportunistic enteropathogen capable of producing at least 20 different toxins in various combinations. Strains of C. perfringens are currently categorized into 7 toxinotypes (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) based on the presence or absence of 6 typing-toxins (α, β, epsilon, iota, enterotoxin, and netB). Each toxinotype is associated with specific histotoxic and enteric diseases. Spontaneous enteritis due to C. perfringens has been reported in laboratory animals; however, the source of the bacteria was unknown. The Quality Assurance Laboratory (QAL) at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) routinely screens incoming animal feeds for aerobic, enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella spp. and E. coli. Recently, QAL incorporated anaerobic screening of incoming animal feeds. To date, the lab has isolated numerous Clostridium species, including C. perfringens, from 23 lots of natural ingredient laboratory animal diets. Published reports of C. perfringens isolation from laboratory animal feeds could not be found in the literature. Therefore, we performed a toxin profile screen of our isolated strains of C. perfringens using PCR to determine which toxinotypes were present in the laboratory animal diets. Our results showed that most C. perfringens strains we isolated from the laboratory animal feed were toxinotype A with most strains also possessing the theta toxin. Two of the C. perfringens strains also possessed the β toxin. Our results demonstrated the presence of C. perfringens in nonsterile, natural ingredient feeds for laboratory animals which could serve as a source of this opportunistic pathogen.
期刊介绍:
Comparative Medicine (CM), an international journal of comparative and experimental medicine, is the leading English-language publication in the field and is ranked by the Science Citation Index in the upper third of all scientific journals. The mission of CM is to disseminate high-quality, peer-reviewed information that expands biomedical knowledge and promotes human and animal health through the study of laboratory animal disease, animal models of disease, and basic biologic mechanisms related to disease in people and animals.