Haykaz Mangardich, Nicholas Tollefson, Kate L Harkness, Mark A Sabbagh
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引用次数: 0
摘要
心智理论(ToM)--即理解他人的行为与内在心理状态相关联--是日常社会认知的重要组成部分。越来越多的行为学证据表明,心智推理会受到情绪的影响。为了深入了解悲伤情绪会如何影响 ToM 推理的潜在机制,我们记录了事件相关脑电位(ERPs),当时情绪低落(16 人)和非情绪低落(24 人)的参与者都在推理主角对物体位置的真假看法。结果显示,ERP 早期分量具有明显的组别效应--相对于非情感障碍组,情感障碍组的个体在前 N1 和 N2/P2 分量上表现出更大的振幅。在 ERP 的后期,非焦虑症患者表现出了真假信念之间的神经认知分离。然而,情感障碍者并没有显示出这些后期分离的证据。这些证据表明,焦虑症可能与费力推理他人的心理状态有关,即使这种费力推理并非必要(即推理真实信念时)。我们将讨论这些发现对于理解情绪如何影响 ToM 推理,以及对于焦虑症患者的慎重 ToM 处理如何可能导致社交障碍的意义。
Theory of mind in dysphoric and non--dysphoric adults: An ERP study of true-- and false--belief reasoning.
Theory of mind (ToM) - the understanding that others' behaviors are connected with internal mental states - is an important part of everyday social cognition. There is increasing behavioral evidence that ToM reasoning can be affected by mood. To gain insight into the ways sad mood may affect the underlying mechanisms of ToM reasoning, we recorded event-related brain potentials (ERPs) as dysphoric (N = 16) and non-dysphoric (N = 24) participants reasoned about a protagonist's true or false beliefs about an object's location. Results showed significant group effects on early components of the ERP - individuals in the dysphoric group showed greater amplitudes for the anterior N1 and N2/P2 components relative to those in the non-dysphoric group. Later in the ERP, non-dysphoric individuals showed evidence of neurocognitive dissociations between true and false belief. Dysphoric individuals, however, did not show evidence for these later dissociations. This evidence suggests that dysphoria may be associated with effortful reasoning about other's mental states, even when that effort is not necessary (i.e., when reasoning about true beliefs). We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding how mood affects ToM reasoning and for how especially deliberative ToM processing in dysphoria may lead to social difficulties.
期刊介绍:
Social Neuroscience features original empirical Research Papers as well as targeted Reviews, Commentaries and Fast Track Brief Reports that examine how the brain mediates social behavior, social cognition, social interactions and relationships, group social dynamics, and related topics that deal with social/interpersonal psychology and neurobiology. Multi-paper symposia and special topic issues are organized and presented regularly as well.
The goal of Social Neuroscience is to provide a place to publish empirical articles that intend to further our understanding of the neural mechanisms contributing to the development and maintenance of social behaviors, or to understanding how these mechanisms are disrupted in clinical disorders.