Chiyembekezo Kachimanga, Anu Jegede Williams, Musa Bangura, Marta Lado, Sahr Kanawa, Daniel Lavallie, Michael Mhango, Haja Isatta Wurie, Marta Patiño Rodriguez
{"title":"塞拉利昂农村地区高血压患者慢性肾病患病率高：一项横断面研究。","authors":"Chiyembekezo Kachimanga, Anu Jegede Williams, Musa Bangura, Marta Lado, Sahr Kanawa, Daniel Lavallie, Michael Mhango, Haja Isatta Wurie, Marta Patiño Rodriguez","doi":"10.2147/IJNRD.S342099","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Currently, there are no data on prevalence and associated risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with hypertension in rural Sierra Leone.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of CKD in rural Sierra Leone.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study of hypertension patients aged between 18 and 75 years attending a non-communicable disease clinic at Koidu Government Hospital, Kono District, Sierra Leone was conducted between February and December 2020. Using systematic random sampling, a structured questionnaire, which comprised of questions on social demographic characteristics and past and current clinical history, was administered followed by measurement of creatinine and urinary protein and glucose. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated using CKD-epidemiology formula without race as a factor. Baseline eGFR between 60-89 min/mL/1.73m<sup>2</sup> and <60 min/mL/1.73m<sup>2</sup> defined reduced eGFR and renal impairment, respectively. Estimated GFR less than 60 min/mL/1.73m<sup>2</sup> measured two times at least 3 months apart was used to define CKD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-six percent (n = 304) patients out of 317 patients were included in the study. Among all included patients, only 3.9% (n = 12) had eGFR of 90 min/mL/1.73m<sup>2</sup> and above. The prevalence of renal impairment and CKD was 52% (158/304, CI 46.2-57.7) and 29.9% (91/304, CI 24.8-34.5), respectively. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, currently taking herbal medications as treatment of hypertension (OR 4.11 (CI 1.14-14.80), p = 0.03) and being overweight and/or obese (OR 2.16 (CI 1.24-3.78), p < 0.001) was associated with CKD. Additionally, receiving some education was associated with a 48% (OR 0.52 (CI 0.29-0.91), p = 0.02) reduced likelihood of CKD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of renal impairment and CKD is high among hypertensive patients in rural Sierra Leone. CKD was associated with current history of taking herbal medications and being overweight and/or obese. Additionally, CKD was associated with reduced likelihood in patients who received some education.</p>","PeriodicalId":14181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/df/d7/ijnrd-14-459.PMC8710521.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"High Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease Among People Living with Hypertension in Rural Sierra Leone: A Cross-Sectional Study.\",\"authors\":\"Chiyembekezo Kachimanga, Anu Jegede Williams, Musa Bangura, Marta Lado, Sahr Kanawa, Daniel Lavallie, Michael Mhango, Haja Isatta Wurie, Marta Patiño Rodriguez\",\"doi\":\"10.2147/IJNRD.S342099\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Currently, there are no data on prevalence and associated risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with hypertension in rural Sierra Leone.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of CKD in rural Sierra Leone.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study of hypertension patients aged between 18 and 75 years attending a non-communicable disease clinic at Koidu Government Hospital, Kono District, Sierra Leone was conducted between February and December 2020. Using systematic random sampling, a structured questionnaire, which comprised of questions on social demographic characteristics and past and current clinical history, was administered followed by measurement of creatinine and urinary protein and glucose. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated using CKD-epidemiology formula without race as a factor. Baseline eGFR between 60-89 min/mL/1.73m<sup>2</sup> and <60 min/mL/1.73m<sup>2</sup> defined reduced eGFR and renal impairment, respectively. Estimated GFR less than 60 min/mL/1.73m<sup>2</sup> measured two times at least 3 months apart was used to define CKD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-six percent (n = 304) patients out of 317 patients were included in the study. Among all included patients, only 3.9% (n = 12) had eGFR of 90 min/mL/1.73m<sup>2</sup> and above. The prevalence of renal impairment and CKD was 52% (158/304, CI 46.2-57.7) and 29.9% (91/304, CI 24.8-34.5), respectively. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, currently taking herbal medications as treatment of hypertension (OR 4.11 (CI 1.14-14.80), p = 0.03) and being overweight and/or obese (OR 2.16 (CI 1.24-3.78), p < 0.001) was associated with CKD. Additionally, receiving some education was associated with a 48% (OR 0.52 (CI 0.29-0.91), p = 0.02) reduced likelihood of CKD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of renal impairment and CKD is high among hypertensive patients in rural Sierra Leone. CKD was associated with current history of taking herbal medications and being overweight and/or obese. 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High Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease Among People Living with Hypertension in Rural Sierra Leone: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Introduction: Currently, there are no data on prevalence and associated risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with hypertension in rural Sierra Leone.
Purpose: To estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of CKD in rural Sierra Leone.
Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study of hypertension patients aged between 18 and 75 years attending a non-communicable disease clinic at Koidu Government Hospital, Kono District, Sierra Leone was conducted between February and December 2020. Using systematic random sampling, a structured questionnaire, which comprised of questions on social demographic characteristics and past and current clinical history, was administered followed by measurement of creatinine and urinary protein and glucose. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated using CKD-epidemiology formula without race as a factor. Baseline eGFR between 60-89 min/mL/1.73m2 and <60 min/mL/1.73m2 defined reduced eGFR and renal impairment, respectively. Estimated GFR less than 60 min/mL/1.73m2 measured two times at least 3 months apart was used to define CKD.
Results: Ninety-six percent (n = 304) patients out of 317 patients were included in the study. Among all included patients, only 3.9% (n = 12) had eGFR of 90 min/mL/1.73m2 and above. The prevalence of renal impairment and CKD was 52% (158/304, CI 46.2-57.7) and 29.9% (91/304, CI 24.8-34.5), respectively. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, currently taking herbal medications as treatment of hypertension (OR 4.11 (CI 1.14-14.80), p = 0.03) and being overweight and/or obese (OR 2.16 (CI 1.24-3.78), p < 0.001) was associated with CKD. Additionally, receiving some education was associated with a 48% (OR 0.52 (CI 0.29-0.91), p = 0.02) reduced likelihood of CKD.
Conclusion: The prevalence of renal impairment and CKD is high among hypertensive patients in rural Sierra Leone. CKD was associated with current history of taking herbal medications and being overweight and/or obese. Additionally, CKD was associated with reduced likelihood in patients who received some education.
期刊介绍：
International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal focusing on the pathophysiology of the kidney and vascular supply. Epidemiology, screening, diagnosis, and treatment interventions are covered as well as basic science, biochemical and immunological studies. In particular, emphasis will be given to: -Chronic kidney disease- Complications of renovascular disease- Imaging techniques- Renal hypertension- Renal cancer- Treatment including pharmacological and transplantation- Dialysis and treatment of complications of dialysis and renal disease- Quality of Life- Patient satisfaction and preference- Health economic evaluations. The journal welcomes submitted papers covering original research, basic science, clinical studies, reviews & evaluations, guidelines, expert opinion and commentary, case reports and extended reports. The main focus of the journal will be to publish research and clinical results in humans but preclinical, animal and in vitro studies will be published where they shed light on disease processes and potential new therapies and interventions.
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