The association of diabetes and the human papillomavirus: a nationwide population‑based cohort study.

Background: Previous studies have investigated the correlation between diabetes and HPV vaccination; however, there is little evidence about the association between viral infection and diabetes. This study aims to investigate the association between diabetes and human papillomavirus infection.

Methods: Using the USA National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015-2016), records of 571 diabetic and 4170 non‑diabetic patients were extracted. Comparative analyses were used to evaluate differences in the HPV testing results between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate independent risk factors for diabetes among all subjects.

Results: Positive tests were detected in 6.7% of the oral HPV, 19.5% of the Cobas^® HPV swab (high-risk group), 40.9% of the Roche^® HPV linear array (vaginal swab), and 43.8% of the Roche^® HPV linear array (penile swab). The results of multivariate regression analysis, after adjusting for age, gender, race, marital status, and presence of comorbidities, showed no statistically significant association between positive or negative HPV testing and presence of diabetes mellitus, with an exception for the penile swab using Roche^® HPV linear array (P=0.020).

Conclusions: This retrospective database study of HPV infection and diabetes showed no significant association between patients with HPV and those with diabetes.