{"title":"无聊海绵的存在是否会改变拖鞋壳蜗牛的性别变化时间?","authors":"Nicole L Kleinas, John M Carroll","doi":"10.1086/719957","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AbstractThe Atlantic slipper limpet, <i>Crepidula fornicata</i>, is a sequential hermaphrodite whose size at sex change is plastic with respect to social and population cues. As an organism allocates energy between growth, reproduction, and maintenance, the increased cost of one process may affect another. Thus, <i>C. fornicata</i> affected by a stressor might have to alter the balance of energy allocation, potentially leading to changes in the timing of sex change. One such biotic stressor, the boring sponge <i>Cliona celata</i>, has been demonstrated to affect growth and condition of numerous molluscs. In this study, we explored whether the presence of the boring sponge affected the rate of sex change for <i>C. fornicata</i>, using both field surveys and an <i>in situ</i> manipulation. Population surveys suggested that while boring sponges may reduce tissue condition of slipper limpets, this relationship is highly variable and likely confounded by site variables. Using population metrics (size at sex, L<sub>50</sub>), the presence of a boring sponge did not appear to affect sex change. Likewise, during the <i>in situ</i> experiment where we manipulated stack sex ratios, we did not find any differences in the timing of sex change between male-male and male-female stacks, even though <i>C. fornicata</i> without sponges grew significantly faster. Thus, results from field surveys and our <i>in situ</i> experiment suggest that sex change in this species appears robust to biotic stressors. This study suggests that <i>C. fornicata</i> will undergo sex change when conditions dictate, even if it is experiencing some level of biotic stress, a strategy that likely allows it to maximize lifetime reproductive output.</p>","PeriodicalId":55376,"journal":{"name":"Biological Bulletin","volume":"242 3","pages":"238-249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Does the Presence of Boring Sponges Alter Timing of Sex Change in Slipper Shell Snails, <i>Crepidula fornicata</i>?\",\"authors\":\"Nicole L Kleinas, John M Carroll\",\"doi\":\"10.1086/719957\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>AbstractThe Atlantic slipper limpet, <i>Crepidula fornicata</i>, is a sequential hermaphrodite whose size at sex change is plastic with respect to social and population cues. As an organism allocates energy between growth, reproduction, and maintenance, the increased cost of one process may affect another. Thus, <i>C. fornicata</i> affected by a stressor might have to alter the balance of energy allocation, potentially leading to changes in the timing of sex change. One such biotic stressor, the boring sponge <i>Cliona celata</i>, has been demonstrated to affect growth and condition of numerous molluscs. In this study, we explored whether the presence of the boring sponge affected the rate of sex change for <i>C. fornicata</i>, using both field surveys and an <i>in situ</i> manipulation. Population surveys suggested that while boring sponges may reduce tissue condition of slipper limpets, this relationship is highly variable and likely confounded by site variables. Using population metrics (size at sex, L<sub>50</sub>), the presence of a boring sponge did not appear to affect sex change. Likewise, during the <i>in situ</i> experiment where we manipulated stack sex ratios, we did not find any differences in the timing of sex change between male-male and male-female stacks, even though <i>C. fornicata</i> without sponges grew significantly faster. Thus, results from field surveys and our <i>in situ</i> experiment suggest that sex change in this species appears robust to biotic stressors. This study suggests that <i>C. fornicata</i> will undergo sex change when conditions dictate, even if it is experiencing some level of biotic stress, a strategy that likely allows it to maximize lifetime reproductive output.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":55376,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Biological Bulletin\",\"volume\":\"242 3\",\"pages\":\"238-249\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-06-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Biological Bulletin\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1086/719957\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2022/5/20 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Biological Bulletin","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719957","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2022/5/20 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Does the Presence of Boring Sponges Alter Timing of Sex Change in Slipper Shell Snails, Crepidula fornicata?
AbstractThe Atlantic slipper limpet, Crepidula fornicata, is a sequential hermaphrodite whose size at sex change is plastic with respect to social and population cues. As an organism allocates energy between growth, reproduction, and maintenance, the increased cost of one process may affect another. Thus, C. fornicata affected by a stressor might have to alter the balance of energy allocation, potentially leading to changes in the timing of sex change. One such biotic stressor, the boring sponge Cliona celata, has been demonstrated to affect growth and condition of numerous molluscs. In this study, we explored whether the presence of the boring sponge affected the rate of sex change for C. fornicata, using both field surveys and an in situ manipulation. Population surveys suggested that while boring sponges may reduce tissue condition of slipper limpets, this relationship is highly variable and likely confounded by site variables. Using population metrics (size at sex, L50), the presence of a boring sponge did not appear to affect sex change. Likewise, during the in situ experiment where we manipulated stack sex ratios, we did not find any differences in the timing of sex change between male-male and male-female stacks, even though C. fornicata without sponges grew significantly faster. Thus, results from field surveys and our in situ experiment suggest that sex change in this species appears robust to biotic stressors. This study suggests that C. fornicata will undergo sex change when conditions dictate, even if it is experiencing some level of biotic stress, a strategy that likely allows it to maximize lifetime reproductive output.
期刊介绍:
The Biological Bulletin disseminates novel scientific results in broadly related fields of biology in keeping with more than 100 years of a tradition of excellence. The Bulletin publishes outstanding original research with an overarching goal of explaining how organisms develop, function, and evolve in their natural environments. To that end, the journal publishes papers in the fields of Neurobiology and Behavior, Physiology and Biomechanics, Ecology and Evolution, Development and Reproduction, Cell Biology, Symbiosis and Systematics. The Bulletin emphasizes basic research on marine model systems but includes articles of an interdisciplinary nature when appropriate.