The Associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Social Services Use among Head Start-Eligible Low-Income Families.

This study examined the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on parental social services use among Head Start-eligible low-income families. Based on the Head Start Impact Study data (N = 3,562), three questions were addressed: (1) Does the number of ACEs impact parental social services use? (2) Do family characteristics have any association with parental social services use? and (3) Does parental social services use differ between Head Start and non-Head Start parents? Regression indicated that parents with more ACEs tended to use more social services. Compared with parents with one ACE, parents with two ACEs and parents with three or more ACEs used more social services with income assistance, food and nutrition assistance, and housing and utility assistance programs. Parents with three or more ACEs tended to use more social services related to alcohol and drug use, mental health, and foster care payments than parents with one ACE. Barriers to social services use were identified and include racial disparities, native language, immigration status, and geographical location. Head Start was not found to have a significant impact on whether parents used more social services. Recommendations include increasing effective collaboration between social workers and services, assessing barriers to receiving services, and implementing ACE screenings.