{"title":"细胞迁移之间的相互作用,形成,并与细胞尺度刚度不均一的矩阵上的牵引力。","authors":"Hiroyuki Ebata, Satoru Kidoaki","doi":"10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v19.0036","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In living tissues where cells migrate, the spatial distribution of mechanical properties, especially matrix stiffness, is generally heterogeneous, with cell scales ranging from 10 to 1000 μm. Since cell migration in the body plays a critical role in morphogenesis, wound healing, and cancer metastasis, it is essential to understand the migratory dynamics on the matrix with cell-scale stiffness heterogeneity. In general, cell migration is driven by the extension and contraction of the cell body owing to the force from actin polymerization and myosin motors in the actomyosin cytoskeleton. When a cell is placed on a matrix with a simple stiffness gradient, directional migration called durotaxis emerges because of the asymmetric extension and contraction of the pseudopodia, which is accompanied by the asymmetric distribution of focal adhesions. Similarly, to determine cell migration on a matrix with cell-scale stiffness heterogeneity, the interaction between cell-scale stiffness heterogeneity and cellular responses, such as the dynamics of the cell-matrix adhesion site, intracellular prestress, and cell shape, should play a key role. In this review, we summarize systematic studies on the dynamics of cell migration, shaping, and traction force on a matrix with cell-scale stiffness heterogeneity using micro-elastically patterned hydrogels. We also outline the cell migration model based on cell-shaping dynamics that explains the general durotaxis induced by cell-scale stiffness heterogeneity. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
在细胞迁移的活组织中,力学性能尤其是基质刚度的空间分布通常是不均匀的,细胞尺度在10 ~ 1000 μm之间。由于细胞在体内的迁移在形态发生、伤口愈合和癌症转移中起着至关重要的作用,因此有必要了解具有细胞尺度刚度异质性的基质上的迁移动力学。一般来说,细胞迁移是由肌动蛋白聚合和肌动蛋白细胞骨架中的肌凝蛋白马达的力引起的细胞体的伸展和收缩驱动的。当细胞被放置在具有简单刚度梯度的基质上时,由于假足的不对称伸展和收缩,并伴随着局灶黏附的不对称分布,出现了称为硬趋向性的定向迁移。同样,为了确定细胞在具有细胞尺度刚度非均匀性的基质上的迁移,细胞尺度刚度非均匀性和细胞反应之间的相互作用,如细胞-基质粘附位点的动力学、细胞内预应力和细胞形状,应该发挥关键作用。在这篇综述中,我们总结了利用微弹性图案水凝胶对具有细胞尺度刚度非均匀性的基质上的细胞迁移、成形和牵引力动力学的系统研究。我们还概述了基于细胞成形动力学的细胞迁移模型,该模型解释了由细胞尺度刚度异质性引起的一般硬度性。这篇综述文章是日本文章《细胞成形和迁移的动力学与细胞尺度刚度异质性》的扩展版本,发表于SEIBUTSU BUTSURI Vol. 61, p. 152-156(2021)。
Interplay among cell migration, shaping, and traction force on a matrix with cell-scale stiffness heterogeneity.
In living tissues where cells migrate, the spatial distribution of mechanical properties, especially matrix stiffness, is generally heterogeneous, with cell scales ranging from 10 to 1000 μm. Since cell migration in the body plays a critical role in morphogenesis, wound healing, and cancer metastasis, it is essential to understand the migratory dynamics on the matrix with cell-scale stiffness heterogeneity. In general, cell migration is driven by the extension and contraction of the cell body owing to the force from actin polymerization and myosin motors in the actomyosin cytoskeleton. When a cell is placed on a matrix with a simple stiffness gradient, directional migration called durotaxis emerges because of the asymmetric extension and contraction of the pseudopodia, which is accompanied by the asymmetric distribution of focal adhesions. Similarly, to determine cell migration on a matrix with cell-scale stiffness heterogeneity, the interaction between cell-scale stiffness heterogeneity and cellular responses, such as the dynamics of the cell-matrix adhesion site, intracellular prestress, and cell shape, should play a key role. In this review, we summarize systematic studies on the dynamics of cell migration, shaping, and traction force on a matrix with cell-scale stiffness heterogeneity using micro-elastically patterned hydrogels. We also outline the cell migration model based on cell-shaping dynamics that explains the general durotaxis induced by cell-scale stiffness heterogeneity. This review article is an extended version of the Japanese article, Dynamics of Cell Shaping and Migration on the Matrix with Cell-scale Stiffness-heterogeneity, published in SEIBUTSU BUTSURI Vol. 61, p. 152-156 (2021).