野生小麦和驯化小麦小穗内粒重和种子休眠差异的遗传变异及遗传控制。

IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Breeding Science Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-29 DOI:10.1270/jsbbs.21060
Shoji Ohta
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引用次数: 0

摘要

种子休眠是野生植物适应其自然栖息地不可预测的环境的重要策略,在驯化过程中从谷物中消失了。在野生二粒小麦中观察到小穗内籽粒大小和种子休眠的差异。为阐明这些小穗内差异的遗传变异并确定其遗传控制机制,对67个野生和82个驯化二粒小麦材料,以及杂种F1、F2群体和驯化系正交的F3-F6群体的粒重比(第一小花/第二小花)、发芽率和萌发指数进行了分析。野生材料中只有二粒小穗第一小花的籽粒存在不同程度的休眠,GI值在0 ~ 1之间,与GWR呈正相关。这表明野生二聚体种群包含不同程度休眠的基因型,包括非休眠基因型。根据在F2群体中观察到的分离情况,小穗内粒重差异由两个独立遗传位点控制。此外,在第5代和第6代,可以选择GI值低或高的低gwr群体,这表明与休眠相关的主要位点可能与小穗内粒重差无关。
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Genetic variation and genetic control of intraspikelet differences in grain weight and seed dormancy in wild and domesticated emmer wheats.

Seed dormancy, a vital strategy for wild plant species to adapt to an unpredictable environment in their natural habitats, was eliminated from cereals during the domestication process. Intraspikelet differences in grain size and seed dormancy have been observed in wild emmer wheat. To elucidate the genetic variation of these intraspikelet differences and to determine their genetic control, grain weight ratio (first florets/second florets) (GWR), germination rate, and germination index (GI) were analyzed in 67 wild and 82 domesticated emmer wheat accessions, as well as F1 hybrids, F2 populations, and F3-F6 populations derived from reciprocal crosses between wild and domesticated lines. Only the grains on the first florets of two-grained spikelets in wild accessions had varying degrees of dormancy with GI ranging from 0 to 1, which positively correlated with their GWR. This implies that wild emmer populations comprised genotypes with varying degrees of dormancy, including nondormant genotypes. According to segregations observed in F2 populations, the intraspikelet grain weight difference was controlled by two independently inherited loci. Furthermore, low-GWR populations with low or high GI values could be selected in F5 and F6 generations, implying that the major loci associated with dormancy might be independent of intraspikelet grain weight difference.

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来源期刊
Breeding Science
Breeding Science 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
4.20%
发文量
37
审稿时长
1.5 months
期刊介绍: Breeding Science is published by the Japanese Society of Breeding. Breeding Science publishes research papers, notes and reviews related to breeding. Research Papers are standard original articles. Notes report new cultivars, breeding lines, germplasms, genetic stocks, mapping populations, database, software, and techniques significant and useful for breeding. Reviews summarize recent and historical events related breeding. Manuscripts should be submitted by corresponding author. Corresponding author must have obtained permission from all authors prior to submission. Correspondence, proofs, and charges of excess page and color figures should be handled by the corresponding author.
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