牙干细胞在口腔颌面部组织再生重建中的潜在应用综述。

Frontiers of oral and maxillofacial medicine Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-10 DOI:10.21037/fomm-21-10
Puhan He, Qunzhou Zhang, Faizan I Motiwala, Rabie M Shanti, Brian M Chang, Anh D Le
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引用次数: 2

摘要

背景与目的:口腔颌面部(Oral and maxillofacial, OMF)缺陷是由先天性疾病、外伤、头颈部良性和恶性肿瘤的消融手术引起的,往往会导致OMF畸形和语言、咀嚼、吞咽功能障碍,并给患者带来有害的心理影响和社会经济负担。由于头颈部独特复杂的三维几何形状,OMF缺损的重建和康复仍然是OMF外科医生面临的主要挑战。本文综述了各种牙组织间充质干细胞(dental- mscs)的生物学特性和功能,以及它们在组织工程(TE)和OMF组织再生重建中的潜在应用。方法:使用PubMed数据库进行数据检索,检索2000 - 2021年间发表的英文文章,关键词:牙干细胞、OMF重建、OMF TE和再生。目前,干细胞生物学、生物材料科学和TE技术的进步表明,干细胞治疗在OMF缺损的再生重建和康复中具有重要的应用潜力。然而,目前还没有基于干细胞的产品或设备被转化为临床应用,以取代显微外科游离组织移植,这是目前OMF缺损重建的主要治疗方法。结论:目前,显微外科游离组织移植由于其丰富的血液供应和移植的灵活性,仍然是治疗OMF缺损重建的金标准支柱。然而,一些主要的挑战,如有限的可用性、第二次手术的要求、供体部位的发病率和自由皮瓣失败的风险,促进了新方法的发展。由于干细胞生物学、生物材料科学和TE技术的进步,基于干细胞的再生疗法正在成为一种有前景的治疗多种疾病的方法,包括OMF缺陷的再生重建和康复。在这篇叙述综述中,我们更新了来自各种牙齿组织的间充质干细胞(dental- mscs)及其释放的无细胞产物细胞外囊泡(EVs)的特性和生物学功能。我们还强调了它们在动物模型和临床研究中在TE和OMF缺陷再生重建中的潜在应用以及该领域的潜在挑战。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Potential application of dental stem cells in regenerative reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial tissues: a narrative review.

Background and objective: Oral and maxillofacial (OMF) defects caused by congenital conditions, injuries, ablative surgery for benign and malignant head & neck tumor, can often lead to OMF deformities and malfunctions in speech, mastication/chewing, and swallowing as well as have deleterious psychological effects and socioeconomic burdens to patients. Due to the unique complex 3D geometry of the head and neck region, reconstruction and rehabilitation of OMF defects remain a major challenge for OMF surgeons.The purpose of this narrative review is to update the information on the biological properties and functions of mesenchymal stem cells derived from various dental tissues (dental-MSCs) and their potential application in tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative reconstruction of OMF tissues.

Methods: A data-based search was performed by using PubMed database whereby articles published between 2000 and 2021 in English were included in the search with the following key words: dental stem cells, OMF reconstruction, OMF TE and regeneration.

Key content and findings: Currently, the advancement in stem cell biology, biomaterial science, and TE technology has demonstrated the significant potential application of stem cell-based therapy in regenerative reconstruction and rehabilitation of OMF defects. However, no stem cell-based product or device has been translated into clinical application to replace microsurgical free tissue transfer, the current mainstay of care in the reconstruction of OMF defects.

Conclusions: Currently, microsurgical free tissue transfer remains the gold standard mainstay of care for the reconstruction of OMF defects due to their abundant blood supply and flexibility for transplantation. However, several major challenges, such as the limited availability, the requirement of a second surgery, donor site morbidity, and the risk of free flap failure, have promoted the development of novel approaches. Due to the advancement in stem cell biology, biomaterial science, and TE technology, stem cell-based regenerative therapy is emerging as a promising therapeutic approach for a variety of diseases, including regenerative reconstruction and rehabilitation of OMF defects. In this narrative review, we update on the characteristics and biological functions of mesenchymal stem cells derived from various dental tissues (dental-MSCs) and their released cell-free products, extracellular vesicles (EVs). We also highlighted their potential application in TE and regenerative reconstruction of OMF defects in animal models and clinical studies and the potential challenges in this field.

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